FIGHTS AGAINST BODYBUILDING PROHIBITION - Printable Version +- WFF / WBBF forum (https://forum.wff.lt) +-- Forum: Forums in english (https://forum.wff.lt/forumdisplay.php?fid=4) +--- Forum: Official information (https://forum.wff.lt/forumdisplay.php?fid=11) +--- Thread: FIGHTS AGAINST BODYBUILDING PROHIBITION (/showthread.php?tid=774)

FIGHTS AGAINST BODYBUILDING PROHIBITION - Edita Sendriene - 04-05-2026 REAL WORLD BODYBUILDING HISTORY. FIGHTS AGAINST BODYBUILDING PROHIBITION. Fifty three years have passed since bodybuilding sport was prohibited and prosecuted in the U.S.S.R. and Socialist countries. Everybody keep silence as they have nothing to say. Yes, in 1973 most bodybuilders left the sport. Somebody went to weightlifting. Somebody went on with bodybuilding illegally. But – who dared to make real steps to fight with prohibition of bodybuilding by political powers? The only one and it was DSc. EDMUNDAS DAUBARAS. It is the right time to speak about this. We will tell the full story in the nearest future. We will cover the facts, we will present documents and we will make conclusions. Sure – the false „heroes“ will not like this. Follow information on International Site www.wff.lt RE: FIGHTS AGAINST BODYBUILDING PROHIBITION - Secretary_International - 04-07-2026 REAL WORLD BODYBUILDING HISTORY. SOLE MAN AGAINST U.S.S.R. POLITICAL POWER. FIGHTS AGAINST BODYBUILDING PROHIBITION. Fifty three years have passed since bodybuilding sport was prohibited and prosecuted in the U.S.S.R. and Socialist countries. Everybody keep silence as they have nothing to say. Yes, in 1973 most bodybuilders left the sport. Somebody went to weightlifting. Somebody went on with bodybuilding illegally. But – who dared to make real steps to fight with prohibition of bodybuilding by political powers? The only one and it was DSc. EDMUNDAS DAUBARAS. It is the right time to speak about this. We will tell the full story in the nearest future. We will cover the facts, we will present documents and we will make conclusions. Sure – the false „heroes“ will not like this. SOLE MAN AGAINST U.S.S.R. POLITICAL POWER. We will speak about the period of time afrer bodybuilding prohibition – after 1973. Topics of the article are: - Personalities of bodybuilding - Meetings of DSc. EDMUNDAS DAUBARAS at Ministry of Sport of the Č.S.S.R. - Meeting of DSc. EDMUNDAS DAUBARAS with Minister Sport of Lithuanian SSR - Discussions of DSc. EDMUNDAS DAUBARAS with U.S.S.R. press - Petition of DSc. EDMUNDAS DAUBARAS to U.S.S.R. Communist Party Central Committee in Moscow - Results, followers. Detailed information, documents, articles and pictures are on International Site www.wff.lt RE: FIGHTS AGAINST BODYBUILDING PROHIBITION - Secretary_International - 04-10-2026 REAL WORLD BODYBUILDING HISTORY. SOLE MAN AGAINST U.S.S.R. POLITICAL POWER. FIGHTS AGAINST BODYBUILDING PROHIBITION. Fifty three years have passed since bodybuilding sport was prohibited and prosecuted in the U.S.S.R. and Socialist countries. Everybody keep silence as they have nothing to say. Yes, in 1973 most bodybuilders left the sport. Somebody went to weightlifting. Somebody went on with bodybuilding illegally. But – who dared to make real steps to fight with prohibition of bodybuilding by political powers? The only one and it was DSc. EDMUNDAS DAUBARAS. It is the right time to speak about this. We will tell the full story in the nearest future. We will cover the facts, we will present documents and we will make conclusions. Sure – the false „heroes“ will not like this. SOLE MAN AGAINST U.S.S.R. POLITICAL POWER. We will speak about the period of time afrer bodybuilding prohibition – after 1973. Topics of the article are: - Personalities of bodybuilding - Meetings of DSc. EDMUNDAS DAUBARAS at Ministry of Sport of the Č.S.S.R. - Meeting of DSc. EDMUNDAS DAUBARAS with Minister Sport of Lithuanian SSR - Discussions of DSc. EDMUNDAS DAUBARAS with U.S.S.R. press - Petition of DSc. EDMUNDAS DAUBARAS to U.S.S.R. Communist Party Central Committee in Moscow - Results, followers. SOCIALIST BODYBUILDING PERSONALITIES. SITUATION IN THE WORLD AND IN SOCIALISM. In 1970, in Belgrade (Yugoslavia), the general secretary of F.I.H.C. (F.I.H., Fédération Internationale Haltérophile, later F.I.H.C., Fédération Internationale Haltérophile et Culturisme, and later I.W.F., International Weightlifting Federation), the British Oskar State, established the sports federation I.F.B.B. (International Federation of Body Builders). Until then, I.F.B.B. was a private commercial company, having nothing to do with official sport. Oskar State also organized the membership of the new I.F.B.B. federation in the international G.A.I.S.F. (Global Association of International Sports Federations). After more than twenty years of F.I.H.C. managing bodybuilding globally, since 1971, the I.F.B.B. federation began to lead world bodybuilding. SOCIALIST BODYBUILDING PERSONALITIES. Among the personalities of early socialist world bodybuilding in the U.S.S.R. were representatives from the R.S.F.S.R.: Genadij Baldin (Геннадий Балдин), Roman Moroz (Роман Мороз), Vladimir Dubinin (Владимир Дубинин). From Lithuanian S.S.R., they were Vytautas Zumeris, Valerijus Koreškovas (Валерий Корешков) — after the ban on bodybuilding, some chose heavy athletics, some completely left sports, and Vladimir Dubinin, after his loss in the 1974 international tournament “Georg Tenno Memorial” (“Georgo Tenno memorialas”, «Мемориал Георга Тенно», 1971–2025), left bodybuilding for thirteen years and did not interact with anyone from the bodybuilding world. Later, after the coup in Lithuanian S.S.R. organized in 1973, when Juozas Jusevičius was unfairly removed from leadership, the leadership of Lithuanian S.S.R. bodybuilding was taken over for decades by Romanas Kalinauskas, who organized the coup, along with his irreplaceable assistants from Kaunas: Aleksandras Novikovas and Ramutis Kairaitis. After the ban on sports in Klaipėda, bodybuilding took its original path. There was no one to follow. The former city bodybuilding leader, Antanas Jonuskutis, left Klaipėda, and those bodybuilders who wanted to continue training scattered to the basements of residential buildings. Already in 1973, Dr. Edmundas Daubaras organized competitions of the remaining city bodybuilders in the old abandoned Klaipėda prison basement, and in 1974, he held the “underground” “Amber Prix” (Amber Prix International, “Gintarinis prizas”, «Янтарный приз», 1968–2026) tournament in a bomb shelter at the Klaipėda sea trade port. In 1975, Dr. Edmundas Daubaras secretly organized the “Amber Prix” again in one of Klaipėda’s secondary schools, and in 1976, Dr. Edmundas Daubaras held a public tournament with spectators in the Telšiai Culture House. Regardless of the ban on bodybuilding, in 1977, Dr. Edmundas Daubaras organized two public tournaments, including the “Amber Prix,” in the Klaipėda sea trade port cultural center. The halls were packed with spectators. Similar events took place in other cities of Lithuanian S.S.R. and other Soviet Republics. Everyone was afraid of persecution and acted secretly. During the bodybuilding ban period, in the capital of Lithuanian S.S.R., under the cover of the sports society “Dinamo,” the “Vilnius Bodybuilding School” operated; however, during this period, it did not develop active work—it aimed to wait for better times. The school was led by Ceslav Tamulevic (Чеслав Тамулевич, 1945–2023) and Vitalij Asovskij (Виталий Асовский, 1952–2026). During the bodybuilding ban years, there were no active organizers in Latvian S.S.R. In Estonian S.S.R., Innar Mardo (1945–2002) managed to convince his government that, based on the traditions of past strongmen and wrestlers, bodybuilding was a “national sport.” Innar Mardo’s ideas found support in the government. And that was all—there were no other prominent bodybuilding figures -  organizers in the U.S.S.R. at that time. In 1975, bodybuilding in the Czechoslovakian S.S.R. was led by Vojtech Fiala. Thanks to personal connections, Vojtech Fiala organized the Czechoslovakian S.S.R. delegation’s trip to the I.F.B.B. European Championship, where Petr Stach became the Overall winner. This was a fantastic event during the period of the bodybuilding ban. In the same year, 1975, Dr. Edmundas Daubaras, while exchanging students at universities, worked in Prague, where he met Vojtech Fiala. The Czechs actively engaged Dr. Edmundas Daubaras, as he was the only Soviet bodybuilder to visit their country after the bodybuilding ban. In order to strengthen their position in the eyes of their political authorities, the Czechs demonstrated their “strong” ties with the Soviet Union through relations with Dr. Edmundas Daubaras. At the same time, in order to find out about the state of bodybuilding in the U.S.S.R., the leaders of Czechoslovakian S.S.R. bodybuilding wrote a letter to the before mentioned Genadij Baldin. Genadij Baldin explained that he was no longer involved in bodybuilding, as bodybuilding was disbanded and was under persecution. He wrote that only some individual organizers continued bodybuilding activities in the Baltic countries. Detailed information, documents, articles and pictures are on International Site www.wff.lt RE: FIGHTS AGAINST BODYBUILDING PROHIBITION - Edita Sendriene - 04-19-2026 REAL WORLD BODYBUILDING HISTORY. SOLE MAN AGAINST U.S.S.R. POLITICAL POWER. FIGHTS AGAINST BODYBUILDING PROHIBITION. Fifty three years have passed since bodybuilding sport was prohibited and prosecuted in the U.S.S.R. and Socialist countries. Everybody keep silence as they have nothing to say. Yes, in 1973 most bodybuilders left the sport. Somebody went to weightlifting. Somebody went on with bodybuilding illegally. But – who dared to make real steps to fight with prohibition of bodybuilding by political powers? The only one and it was DSc. EDMUNDAS DAUBARAS. It is the right time to speak about this. We will tell the full story in the nearest future. We will cover the facts, we will present documents and we will make conclusions. Sure – the false „heroes“ will not like this. SOLE MAN AGAINST U.S.S.R. POLITICAL POWER. We will speak about the period of time afrer bodybuilding prohibition – after 1973. Topics of the article are: - Personalities of bodybuilding - Meetings of DSc. EDMUNDAS DAUBARAS at Ministry of Sport of the Č.S.S.R. - Meeting of DSc. EDMUNDAS DAUBARAS with Minister Sport of Lithuanian SSR - Discussions of DSc. EDMUNDAS DAUBARAS with U.S.S.R. press - Petition of DSc. EDMUNDAS DAUBARAS to U.S.S.R. Communist Party Central Committee in Moscow - Results, followers. SOCIALIST BODYBUILDING PERSONALITIES. SITUATION IN THE WORLD AND IN SOCIALISM. In 1970, in Belgrade (Yugoslavia), the general secretary of F.I.H.C. (F.I.H., Fédération Internationale Haltérophile, later F.I.H.C., Fédération Internationale Haltérophile et Culturisme, and later I.W.F., International Weightlifting Federation), the British Oskar State, established the sports federation I.F.B.B. (International Federation of Body Builders). Until then, I.F.B.B. was a private commercial company, having nothing to do with official sport. Oskar State also organized the membership of the new I.F.B.B. federation in the international G.A.I.S.F. (Global Association of International Sports Federations). After more than twenty years of F.I.H.C. managing bodybuilding globally, since 1971, the I.F.B.B. federation began to lead world bodybuilding. SOCIALIST BODYBUILDING PERSONALITIES. Among the personalities of early socialist world bodybuilding in the U.S.S.R. were representatives from the R.S.F.S.R.: Genadij Baldin (Геннадий Балдин), Roman Moroz (Роман Мороз), Vladimir Dubinin (Владимир Дубинин). From Lithuanian S.S.R., they were Vytautas Zumeris, Valerijus Koreškovas (Валерий Корешков) — after the ban on bodybuilding, some chose heavy athletics, some completely left sports, and Vladimir Dubinin, after his loss in the 1974 international tournament “Georg Tenno Memorial” (“Georgo Tenno memorialas”, «Мемориал Георга Тенно», 1971–2025), left bodybuilding for thirteen years and did not interact with anyone from the bodybuilding world. Later, after the coup in Lithuanian S.S.R. organized in 1973, when Juozas Jusevičius was unfairly removed from leadership, the leadership of Lithuanian S.S.R. bodybuilding was taken over for decades by Romanas Kalinauskas, who organized the coup, along with his irreplaceable assistants from Kaunas: Aleksandras Novikovas and Ramutis Kairaitis. After the ban on sports in Klaipėda, bodybuilding took its original path. There was no one to follow. The former city bodybuilding leader, Antanas Jonuskutis, left Klaipėda, and those bodybuilders who wanted to continue training scattered to the basements of residential buildings. Already in 1973, Dr. Edmundas Daubaras organized competitions of the remaining city bodybuilders in the old abandoned Klaipėda prison basement, and in 1974, he held the “underground” “Amber Prix” (Amber Prix International, “Gintarinis prizas”, «Янтарный приз», 1968–2026) tournament in a bomb shelter at the Klaipėda sea trade port. In 1975, Dr. Edmundas Daubaras secretly organized the “Amber Prix” again in one of Klaipėda’s secondary schools, and in 1976, Dr. Edmundas Daubaras held a public tournament with spectators in the Telšiai Culture House. Regardless of the ban on bodybuilding, in 1977, Dr. Edmundas Daubaras organized two public tournaments, including the “Amber Prix,” in the Klaipėda sea trade port cultural center. The halls were packed with spectators. Similar events took place in other cities of Lithuanian S.S.R. and other Soviet Republics. Everyone was afraid of persecution and acted secretly. During the bodybuilding ban period, in the capital of Lithuanian S.S.R., under the cover of the sports society “Dinamo,” the “Vilnius Bodybuilding School” operated; however, during this period, it did not develop active work—it aimed to wait for better times. The school was led by Ceslav Tamulevic (Чеслав Тамулевич, 1945–2023) and Vitalij Asovskij (Виталий Асовский, 1952–2026). During the bodybuilding ban years, there were no active organizers in Latvian S.S.R. In Estonian S.S.R., Innar Mardo (1945–2002) managed to convince his government that, based on the traditions of past strongmen and wrestlers, bodybuilding was a “national sport.” Innar Mardo’s ideas found support in the government. And that was all—there were no other prominent bodybuilding figures -  organizers in the U.S.S.R. at that time. In 1975, bodybuilding in the Czechoslovakian S.S.R. was led by Vojtech Fiala. Thanks to personal connections, Vojtech Fiala organized the Czechoslovakian S.S.R. delegation’s trip to the I.F.B.B. European Championship, where Petr Stach became the Overall winner. This was a fantastic event during the period of the bodybuilding ban. In the same year, 1975, Dr. Edmundas Daubaras, while exchanging students at universities, worked in Prague, where he met Vojtech Fiala. The Czechs actively engaged Dr. Edmundas Daubaras, as he was the only Soviet bodybuilder to visit their country after the bodybuilding ban. In order to strengthen their position in the eyes of their political authorities, the Czechs demonstrated their “strong” ties with the Soviet Union through relations with Dr. Edmundas Daubaras. At the same time, in order to find out about the state of bodybuilding in the U.S.S.R., the leaders of Czechoslovakian S.S.R. bodybuilding wrote a letter to the before mentioned Genadij Baldin. Genadij Baldin explained that he was no longer involved in bodybuilding, as bodybuilding was disbanded and was under persecution. He wrote that only some individual organizers continued bodybuilding activities in the Baltic countries. IMPORTANT 1975. MEETINGS AT SPORT MINISTRY. In 1975 basing on the exchange of the University students DSc. EDMUNDAS DAUBARAS went to Czechoslovakia for two months. In Prague DSc. EDMUNDAS DAUBARAS met VOJTECH FIALA. During the following two months their meetings were often. Both had enough time to speak over the International bodybuilding situation. VOJTECH FIALA organized a visit to PETR STACH who was living close to Prague. PETR STACH told about the Europe Championship and explained DSc. EDMUNDAS DAUBARAS about his training systems and posed in front of him. At the same time VOJTECH FIALA organized the meeting of DSc. EDMUNDAS DAUBARAS with the Chairmen of the Ministry of sport of the Czechoslovakian SSR (Č.S.T.V., Československy Svaz Telesne Vychovy). Questions of the situation around bodybuilding was spoken over. 1977 MEETINGS AT SPORT MINISTRY. In 1977 still as a student of Vilnius State University DSc. EDMUNDAS DAUBARAS for two months went to Czechoslovakia again. Again working on the future cooperation between the U.S.S.R. and Czechoslovakian SSR bodybuilders DSc. EDMUNDAS DAUBARAS and VOJTECH FIALA visited the Ministry of Sport of  Czechoslovakian SSR. For the discussion meetings with the Chairmen of the Ministry were organized. In 1977 Czechoslovakian bodybuilding Federation had a room at the Ministry. Secretary of the federation was a famous bodybuilder PETER TLAPAK. He presented the headquarters of the federation, discussed the situation and posed in front of DSc. EDMUNDAS DAUBARAS. VOJTECH FIALA for DSc. EDMUNDAS DAUBARAS organized a trip to a mountain resort where Czechoslovakia bodybuilders under support of the Government were preparing for the coming World Championship. DSc. EDMUNDAS DAUBARAS discussed various questions with athletes and trainers. Also VOJTECH FIALA invited DSc. EDMUNDAS DAUBARAS to two meetings of the Czechoslovakia Bodybuilding Federation Council. The meetings were held by Professor FRANTISEK BULVA in the city of Brno. Under the requests of the participants DSc. EDMUNDAS DAUBARAS spoke on bodybuilding situation ion the U.S.S.R. and in Lithuania SSR. The Article will be continued. Follow International Page www.wff.lt FACEBOOK does not allow long texts. Get full Information on the same site www.wff.lt RE: FIGHTS AGAINST BODYBUILDING PROHIBITION - Secretary_International - 04-23-2026 The “Amber Prize” Tournament. The book. The “Amber Prix” (“Amber Prix International”, «Янтарный приз», 1968–2026) tournament is a living reflection of history, recalling a time when it was an important part of the Socialist world of sport, and today it unites the global bodybuilding community. According to long-standing sporting traditions, among international competitions the “Amber Prix” ranks third in terms of continuity and historical significance—after N.A.B.B.A. (National Amateur Body Building Association) Mr. Universe (held since 1950) and JOE WEIDER’S Mr. Olympia (held since 1965). Over the decades, athletes from many countries who have participated in this tournament take pride in their “Amber Prix” achievements, considering them among the most significant in their sporting careers. As the tournament approaches its 60-th anniversary, a book is being prepared and will be presented to participants and guests of the 2027 event. Preparatory work on the publication is already underway. Significant Events in the History of the “Amber Prize” In the international history of the “Amber Prize,” several particularly important moments stand out: • The rise and the first tournaments – the initial stage during which the competition’s traditions were formed. • 1973: the ban and persecution of bodybuilding – a difficult period for the sport. • 1973–1978: illegal competitions organized by Dr. Edmundas Daubaras – a stage crucial for the survival of bodybuilding. • Dr. Edmundas Daubaras’ struggle with the authorities against the ban on bodybuilding. • Dr. Edmundas Daubaras’ petition to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the U.S.S.R. in Moscow, defending the legitimacy of bodybuilding. • 1989–1991: Dr. Edmundas Daubaras’ struggle for independence in Lithuanian sport, carried out in the context of the “Amber Prize.” • 2007: the 40-th anniversary of the tournament – the Parliament of the Republic of Lithuania voted to fund the event from the state budget. • 2011: recognition by the Vatican – a high evaluation of Dr. Edmundas Daubaras’ activities during the period of the bodybuilding ban. • 2017: the 50-th anniversary of the tournament – a report about the event was broadcast by the global CNN television network. • Since 2010, the “Amber Prize” logo has been used in competitions in Europe, Asia and South America. More information is on International site www.wff.lt RE: FIGHTS AGAINST BODYBUILDING PROHIBITION - Edita Sendriene - 04-24-2026 REAL WORLD BODYBUILDING HISTORY. SOLE MAN AGAINST U.S.S.R. POLITICAL POWER. FIGHTS AGAINST BODYBUILDING PROHIBITION. Fifty three years have passed since bodybuilding sport was prohibited and prosecuted in the U.S.S.R. and Socialist countries. Everybody keep silence as they have nothing to say. Yes, in 1973 most bodybuilders left the sport. Somebody went to weightlifting. Somebody went on with bodybuilding illegally. But – who dared to make real steps to fight with prohibition of bodybuilding by political powers? The only one and it was DSc. EDMUNDAS DAUBARAS. It is the right time to speak about this. We will tell the full story in the nearest future. We will cover the facts, we will present documents and we will make conclusions. Sure – the false „heroes“ will not like this. SOLE MAN AGAINST U.S.S.R. POLITICAL POWER. We will speak about the period of time afrer bodybuilding prohibition – after 1973. Topics of the article are: - Personalities of bodybuilding - Meetings of DSc. EDMUNDAS DAUBARAS at Ministry of Sport of the Č.S.S.R. - Meeting of DSc. EDMUNDAS DAUBARAS with Minister Sport of Lithuanian SSR - Discussions of DSc. EDMUNDAS DAUBARAS with U.S.S.R. press - Petition of DSc. EDMUNDAS DAUBARAS to U.S.S.R. Communist Party Central Committee in Moscow - Results, followers. SOCIALIST BODYBUILDING PERSONALITIES. SITUATION IN THE WORLD AND IN SOCIALISM. In 1970, in Belgrade (Yugoslavia), the general secretary of F.I.H.C. (F.I.H., Fédération Internationale Haltérophile, later F.I.H.C., Fédération Internationale Haltérophile et Culturisme, and later I.W.F., International Weightlifting Federation), the British Oskar State, established the sports federation I.F.B.B. (International Federation of Body Builders). Until then, I.F.B.B. was a private commercial company, having nothing to do with official sport. Oskar State also organized the membership of the new I.F.B.B. federation in the international G.A.I.S.F. (Global Association of International Sports Federations). After more than twenty years of F.I.H.C. managing bodybuilding globally, since 1971, the I.F.B.B. federation began to lead world bodybuilding. SOCIALIST BODYBUILDING PERSONALITIES. Among the personalities of early socialist world bodybuilding in the U.S.S.R. were representatives from the R.S.F.S.R.: Genadij Baldin (Геннадий Балдин), Roman Moroz (Роман Мороз), Vladimir Dubinin (Владимир Дубинин). From Lithuanian S.S.R., they were Vytautas Zumeris, Valerijus Koreškovas (Валерий Корешков) — after the ban on bodybuilding, some chose heavy athletics, some completely left sports, and Vladimir Dubinin, after his loss in the 1974 international tournament “Georg Tenno Memorial” (“Georgo Tenno memorialas”, «Мемориал Георга Тенно», 1971–2025), left bodybuilding for thirteen years and did not interact with anyone from the bodybuilding world. Later, after the coup in Lithuanian S.S.R. organized in 1973, when Juozas Jusevičius was unfairly removed from leadership, the leadership of Lithuanian S.S.R. bodybuilding was taken over for decades by Romanas Kalinauskas, who organized the coup, along with his irreplaceable assistants from Kaunas: Aleksandras Novikovas and Ramutis Kairaitis. After the ban on sports in Klaipėda, bodybuilding took its original path. There was no one to follow. The former city bodybuilding leader, Antanas Jonuskutis, left Klaipėda, and those bodybuilders who wanted to continue training scattered to the basements of residential buildings. Already in 1973, Dr. Edmundas Daubaras organized competitions of the remaining city bodybuilders in the old abandoned Klaipėda prison basement, and in 1974, he held the “underground” “Amber Prix” (Amber Prix International, “Gintarinis prizas”, «Янтарный приз», 1968–2026) tournament in a bomb shelter at the Klaipėda sea trade port. In 1975, Dr. Edmundas Daubaras secretly organized the “Amber Prix” again in one of Klaipėda’s secondary schools, and in 1976, Dr. Edmundas Daubaras held a public tournament with spectators in the Telšiai Culture House. Regardless of the ban on bodybuilding, in 1977, Dr. Edmundas Daubaras organized two public tournaments, including the “Amber Prix,” in the Klaipėda sea trade port cultural center. The halls were packed with spectators. Similar events took place in other cities of Lithuanian S.S.R. and other Soviet Republics. Everyone was afraid of persecution and acted secretly. During the bodybuilding ban period, in the capital of Lithuanian S.S.R., under the cover of the sports society “Dinamo,” the “Vilnius Bodybuilding School” operated; however, during this period, it did not develop active work—it aimed to wait for better times. The school was led by Ceslav Tamulevic (Чеслав Тамулевич, 1945–2023) and Vitalij Asovskij (Виталий Асовский, 1952–2026). During the bodybuilding ban years, there were no active organizers in Latvian S.S.R. In Estonian S.S.R., Innar Mardo (1945–2002) managed to convince his government that, based on the traditions of past strongmen and wrestlers, bodybuilding was a “national sport.” Innar Mardo’s ideas found support in the government. And that was all—there were no other prominent bodybuilding figures -  organizers in the U.S.S.R. at that time. In 1975, bodybuilding in the Czechoslovakian S.S.R. was led by Vojtech Fiala. Thanks to personal connections, Vojtech Fiala organized the Czechoslovakian S.S.R. delegation’s trip to the I.F.B.B. European Championship, where Petr Stach became the Overall winner. This was a fantastic event during the period of the bodybuilding ban. In the same year, 1975, Dr. Edmundas Daubaras, while exchanging students at universities, worked in Prague, where he met Vojtech Fiala. The Czechs actively engaged Dr. Edmundas Daubaras, as he was the only Soviet bodybuilder to visit their country after the bodybuilding ban. In order to strengthen their position in the eyes of their political authorities, the Czechs demonstrated their “strong” ties with the Soviet Union through relations with Dr. Edmundas Daubaras. At the same time, in order to find out about the state of bodybuilding in the U.S.S.R., the leaders of Czechoslovakian S.S.R. bodybuilding wrote a letter to the before mentioned Genadij Baldin. Genadij Baldin explained that he was no longer involved in bodybuilding, as bodybuilding was disbanded and was under persecution. He wrote that only some individual organizers continued bodybuilding activities in the Baltic countries. IMPORTANT 1975. MEETINGS AT SPORT MINISTRY. In 1975 basing on the exchange of the University students DSc. EDMUNDAS DAUBARAS went to Czechoslovakia for two months. In Prague DSc. EDMUNDAS DAUBARAS met VOJTECH FIALA. During the following two months their meetings were often. Both had enough time to speak over the International bodybuilding situation. VOJTECH FIALA organized a visit to PETR STACH who was living close to Prague. PETR STACH told about the Europe Championship and explained DSc. EDMUNDAS DAUBARAS about his training systems and posed in front of him. At the same time VOJTECH FIALA organized the meeting of DSc. EDMUNDAS DAUBARAS with the Chairmen of the Ministry of sport of the Czechoslovakian SSR (Č.S.T.V., Československy Svaz Telesne Vychovy). Questions of the situation around bodybuilding was spoken over. 1977 MEETINGS AT SPORT MINISTRY. In 1977 still as a student of Vilnius State University DSc. EDMUNDAS DAUBARAS for two months went to Czechoslovakia again. Again working on the future cooperation between the U.S.S.R. and Czechoslovakian SSR bodybuilders DSc. EDMUNDAS DAUBARAS and VOJTECH FIALA visited the Ministry of Sport of  Czechoslovakian SSR. For the discussion meetings with the Chairmen of the Ministry were organized. In 1977 Czechoslovakian bodybuilding Federation had a room at the Ministry. Secretary of the federation was a famous bodybuilder PETER TLAPAK. He presented the headquarters of the federation, discussed the situation and posed in front of DSc. EDMUNDAS DAUBARAS. VOJTECH FIALA for DSc. EDMUNDAS DAUBARAS organized a trip to a mountain resort where Czechoslovakia bodybuilders under support of the Government were preparing for the coming World Championship. DSc. EDMUNDAS DAUBARAS discussed various questions with athletes and trainers. Also VOJTECH FIALA invited DSc. EDMUNDAS DAUBARAS to two meetings of the Czechoslovakia Bodybuilding Federation Council. The meetings were held by Professor FRANTISEK BULVA in the city of Brno. Under the requests of the participants DSc. EDMUNDAS DAUBARAS spoke on bodybuilding situation ion the U.S.S.R. and in Lithuania SSR. The Article will be continued. Follow International Page www.wff.lt FACEBOOK does not allow long texts. Get full Information on the same site www.wff.lt RE: FIGHTS AGAINST BODYBUILDING PROHIBITION - Secretary_International - 04-29-2026 REAL WORLD BODYBUILDING HISTORY. FIGHTS AGAINST BODYBUILDING PROHIBITION. THE SITUATION IN THE WORLD AND IN SOCIALISM In 1970 in Belgrade (Yugoslavia), the General Secretary of F.I.H.C. (F.I.H. – Fédération Internationale Haltérophile, later F.I.H.C. – Fédération Internationale Haltérophile et Culturisme, and later I.W.F. – International Weightlifting Federation), the British official Oscar State, established the sporting federation “International Federation of Body builders”. Until then, I.F.B.B. had been a private commercial enterprise with no connection to official sport. The same Oscar State arranged for the new I.F.B.B. federation to become a member of the Global Association of International Sports Federations  (G.A.I.S.F.). After more than twenty years of F.I.H.C. control over world bodybuilding, from 1971 onward global bodybuilding began to be led by the I.F.B.B.. PERSONALITIES OF SOCIALIST BODYBUILDING Among the early figures of bodybuilding in the U.S.S.R. were representatives of the R.S.F.S.R.: • Genadij Baldin • Roman Moroz • Vladimir Dubinin In the Lithuanian SSR: • Vytautas Zumeris • Valerijus Koreškovas After the ban on bodybuilding, some athletes switched to weightlifting, while others left sport entirely. After losing at the 1974 international tournament “Georg Tenno Memorial”, Vladimir Dubinin withdrew from bodybuilding for thirteen years and cut off all contact with the bodybuilding world. INTERNAL DEVELOPMENTS IN THE LITHUANIAN SSR Following a meeting in Lithuanian SSR bodybuilding in 1973, during which Juozas Jusevičius was removed from leadership through unfair voting, control of bodybuilding in Lithuania for decades was taken over by Romanas Kalinauskas, along with his close associates from Kaunas, Aleksandras Novikovas and Ramučis Kairaitis. After the ban on the sport, bodybuilding in Klaipėda developed along its own unique path. There was no one to follow as an example. Former city bodybuilding leader Antanas Jonuškutis left Klaipėda, and those who wished to continue training scattered into the basements of residential buildings. UNDERGROUND ACTIVITY In 1972, after enrolling at Vilnius State University, Dr. Edmundas Daubaras gathered activists from all underground bodybuilding clubs in the capital and organized strength competitions in Vilnius in the autumn of 1973. Due to fear of risk, not all clubs participated. In 1973, Dr. Edmundas Daubaras organized competitions for the remaining Klaipėda bodybuilders in the basement of an old abandoned prison. In 1974, he held an underground tournament, the “Amber Prix International”, in a bomb shelter of the Klaipėda Sea Trade Port. • In 1975, the “Amber Prix” was secretly organized in a Klaipėda secondary school. • In 1976, the event became public and took place in the Telšiai Cultural Palace. • In 1977, despite the ban, two public tournaments were held, including the “Amber Prix,” at the Klaipėda Sea Trade Port Cultural Palace. The halls were full of spectators. Similar developments took place in other cities of the Lithuanian SSR and across other Soviet republics. Everyone feared persecution and operated in secrecy. OTHER REPUBLICS During the ban period, the “Vilnius Bodybuilding School” operated under the cover of the “Dinamo” sports society, led by: • Česlavas Tamulevičius (1945–2023) • Vitalijus Asovskis (1952–2026) However, it remained largely inactive in organizing contests, waiting for better times. In the Latvian SSR, there were no active organizers during this period. In the Estonian SSR, Innar Mardo managed to convince the government that bodybuilding, based on traditions of strongmen and wrestlers, could be considered a “national sport.” His ideas received official support and from time to time “Georg Tenno Momoroal” was organized in Tallinn. Apart from this, there were no other prominent figures in the U.S.S.R. actively organizing events in defiance of the ban—only isolated organizers in the Baltic States continued their activities. CZECHOSLOVAKIA AND INTERNATIONAL CONTACTS In 1975, bodybuilding in the Czechoslovak SSR was led by Vojtech Fiala. Through personal connections, he arranged for a national delegation to attend the I.F.B.B. European Championship, where Petr Stach became the overall winner. This was a remarkable achievement during the period when bodybuilding was banned in socialist countries. That same year, Dr. Edmundas Daubaras worked in Prague through a university exchange program and met Vojtech Fiala. The Czechoslovaks showed strong interest in Dr. Edmundas Daubaras, as he was the only bodybuilder from the U.S.S.R. to visit their country after the ban. Seeking to strengthen their standing with their political authorities, they used their relationship with Dr. Edmundas Daubaras to demonstrate “strong ties” with the U.S.S.R.. At the same time, in an effort to understand the situation of bodybuilding in the U.S.S.R., Czechoslovak officials contacted Gennadij Baldin. He replied that he was no longer involved, as bodybuilding had been suppressed and persecuted. In practice, only isolated organizers in the Baltic States continued activity. The Article will be continued. Follow International Page www.wff.lt FACEBOOK does not allow long texts. Get full Information on the same site www.wff.lt RE: FIGHTS AGAINST BODYBUILDING PROHIBITION - Edita Sendriene - 05-07-2026 INTRODUCTION TO THE BOOK A BRIEF OVERVIEW OF THE HISTORY OF THE “AMBER PRIX” TOURNAMENT The sixtieth anniversary of the historic international “Amber Prix” tournament is approaching. In this publication, its history will be presented in a structured way, revealing the key stages of its development. We intend to mark this anniversary not only with ceremonial events, but also with this book. This is not merely a story about physical strength or athletic achievements. The international “Amber Prix” tournament, born and developed in Klaipėda, is a unique phenomenon—significant for the city, for Lithuania, and for the global bodybuilding movement. In this introduction, we briefly review the main themes and highlight the most important political, sporting, and social contexts. The origins of the tournament date back to a period of rapid civilizational change: humanity was exploring the depths of the oceans and venturing into space. In this context, bodybuilding opened up new possibilities—it allowed not only the development of strength and endurance, but also the deliberate shaping of the human body. The first competition was held in 1967 at the Klaipėda Polytechnic school. Athletes performed strength exercises and demonstrated their physiques. The initiator and organizer of the event was Klaipėda native Antanas Jonuškutis. Following earlier unsuccessful attempts to establish bodybuilding, the second USSR Bodybuilding Federation (Athletic Gymnastics Commission) was founded in 1968 during an international tournament in Kaunas. It was decided that the federation would hold its first meeting in Klaipėda during the “Amber Prix” tournament—this decision was duly implemented. After the events of 1967–1968, as bodybuilding rapidly gained popularity, the “Amber Prix” competitions were also held in Klaipėda in 1969 and 1970 under the leadership of Antanas Jonuškutis. He later withdrew from active organizational work. In 1973, for political reasons, bodybuilding was banned and persecuted in the USSR and other socialist countries. Many athletes discontinued their training, while the most determined continued in secrecy—most often in basements of private homes. You can find more detailed information on International site www.wff.lt RE: FIGHTS AGAINST BODYBUILDING PROHIBITION - Secretary_International - 05-11-2026 “AMBER PRIX” – WHAT IS IT? HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE. For more than six decades, the name “Amber Prix” has resonated throughout the world. What is it? Once a traditional bodybuilding tournament, today it has grown into a broad movement promoting wellness, fitness, and professional sport. Thanks to the activities of the international WFF-WBBF Federation, the “Amber Prix” has become a significant international sporting phenomenon. During the period when bodybuilding was banned in the Soviet Union, the “Amber Prix” competition became the unofficial USSR Bodybuilding Championship, later recognized as such by the USSR Ministry of Sports. At that time, for many athletes from across the Soviet Union, this tournament effectively served as both the World and European Championship. The highest sporting achievements were associated with victories and prize-winning places at the “Amber Prix” competition. In his efforts to rehabilitate bodybuilding, Dr. Edmundas Daubaras spent years corresponding with leaders of the USSR Weightlifting Federation, the central Soviet sports press, and meeting with the Minister of Sports of the Lithuanian SSR, Zigmas Motiekaitis. Eventually, he decided to prepare and submit an official petition defending bodybuilding to the highest political authorities in Moscow. At that time, not a single well-known bodybuilding organizer, coach, or athlete supported this initiative — on the contrary, most advised him to abandon the idea. It was through the efforts of Dr. Edmundas Daubaras that permission was granted to organize the “Amber Prix” tournament in Klaipėda. Later, under the leadership of Romanas Kalinauskas, Kaunas bodybuilders began organizing the traditional “Komsomol Cup” competitions. These initiatives continued until the collapse of the Soviet Union. After Lithuania restored its independence, the “Amber Prix” tournament continuously received support from the Government of the Republic of Lithuania. On the occasion of the tournament’s 40th anniversary, the Parliament of the Republic of Lithuania adopted a decision to provide state funding for the event through a separate line in the national budget. Today, the “Amber Prix” is not only a part of sports history, but also an international symbol of bodybuilding and wellness that promotes Lithuania throughout the world. Throughout the history of the “Amber Prix” tournament, athletes from various countries around the world have participated, representing all continents. In 2008, competitors from 32 countries took part in the event. More information about these historical events and the activities of the international federation can be found on the official website: www.wff.lt RE: FIGHTS AGAINST BODYBUILDING PROHIBITION - International Secretary - 05-26-2026 The Years of Bodybuilding Prohibition in Klaipeda. The Period Before the Public “Amber Prix” Tournament (Until 1976). The history of bodybuilding in Klaipeda differed little from developments in other Lithuanian cities or throughout the socialist countries. It was a period when an officially prohibited sport survived solely through the efforts of enthusiasts — in basements, bomb shelters, and illegal clubs. Today, this era is regarded as a unique testimony to its time and an important part of Lithuania’s sports history. In 1969, Edmundas Daubaras purchased his first barbell and, together with Algis Zivelis, began training at home. Soon, increasing numbers of local young people gathered at the Daubaras family apartment to exercise. As the constant flow of visitors became difficult for the family to accommodate, training sessions were moved first to the basement of an apartment building and later to the railway workers’ pioneer camp in Giruliai. One of the leading authorities of the time became Rimantas Budrys. Although conditions were extremely modest, the athletes remained dedicated. In 1970, after the withdrawal from active activity of Klaipeda bodybuilding leader Antanas Jonuskutis (1942–2003), the city’s athletes dispersed among various adapted and non-adapted training premises. Nevertheless, the bodybuilding movement did not stop. A major turning point came in 1971, when Klaipeda Seaport employee Vytautas Daubaras obtained premises for young athletes in a bomb shelter belonging to the port on Sportininku Street. There, the “Gintaras” (“Amber”) club was established, becoming the main bodybuilding center in Klaipeda during the harshest prohibition years. Around one hundred enthusiasts attended the club. Remarkably, the club’s traditions continue to this day — it is now known as “Amber Gym” and remains one of the organizers of the “Amber Prix” competition. In 1971, in Tallinn, then part of the Estonian SSR, Innar Mardo (1945-2002) launched the tournament that later became a traditional event known as the “Georg Tenno Memorial.” The overall winners of the first competition were Valdas Aliubavičius from Vilnius in the junior division (the 1968 overall junior winner of the “Amber Prize” tournament) and Vladimir Dubinin from Leningrad in the adult division. A few words about Georg Tenno. An officer in the Soviet Army, he was accused of espionage in 1948 and sentenced to imprisonment in the Gulag system. While incarcerated, he shared a prison cell with the future Nobel Prize laureate Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn. During his imprisonment, Georg Tenno attempted to escape five times. In his famous work “The Gulag Archipelago” (“Архипелаг ГУЛАГ”), Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn dedicated a chapter to him titled “The Convicted Escapee” (“Убежденный беглец”). In 1972, Edmundas Daubaras left to study philology at Vilnius State University but maintained close ties with Klaipeda athletes. He continued to lead the “Gintaras” club through his associates Algimantas Stalnionis and Algimantas Ratas. After the USSR and other socialist countries officially banned bodybuilding, activities moved underground. In 1973, Edmundas Daubaras organized illegal bodybuilding competitions in the basement of the old city prison, attended by the bravest Klaipeda athletes of the time. In the adult division, Mindaugas Liaugaudas won first place, while the youth category was won by Algimantas Ratas. That same year, Edmundas Daubaras gathered athletes from illegally operating clubs in Vilnius and organized strength dual competitions. Forty-six athletes from Vilnius, Klaipeda, and Siauliai participated. It was one of the first attempts to preserve a united Lithuanian bodybuilding community despite the prohibitions. In 1974, the “Amber Prix” tournament was held in the bomb shelter premises of the “Gintaras” club. Athletes from four underground Klaipeda clubs took part. The competition program consisted of three parts: strength exercises, mandatory posing routines, and freestyle performances. The junior divisions were won by Antanas Kazlauskas, Algimantas Ratas, and Sigitas Kisonas. In the youth divisions, the strongest competitors were Kestutis Virketis and Evaldas Sorius, while the adult categories were won by Sigitas Vilutis and Vytautas Zenkevicius. The absolute winners of their respective age groups were Antanas Kazlauskas, Evaldas Sorius, and Vytautas Zenkevicius. After a two-year break, Estonian organizer Inar Mardo (Innar Mardo, 1945–2002) managed to revive the “Georg Tenno Memorial” competition in 1974. He succeeded in convincing Estonian political authorities that bodybuilding was a national Estonian sport with deep traditions. The competition took place at the Tallinn Technical School. Athletes from the “Vilnius School of Bodybuilding” won all first places except in the tallest height category, where Estonian Olev Annus defeated the favored RSFSR representative Vladimir Dubinin. The overall champion became Pranas Murauskas. In 1975, the “Amber Prize” tournament was already being held in one of Klaipėda’s secondary schools. In addition to local athletes, competitors from Telšiai and Vilnius participated. The junior groups were won by Leonidas Rodionovas, Rimas Apulskis, and Antanas Dobrodzejus. In the youth categories, first places were claimed by Antanas Bašermanas, Algimantas Ruplys, and Aimontas Dolgichas. In the adult groups, the winners were Vytautas Zenkevičius, Olegas Serovas, and Rišardas Krinickis. The absolute winners were Rimas Apulskis, Algimantas Ruplys, and Rišardas Krinickis. Despite prohibitions, constant surveillance, and poor training conditions, bodybuilding in Klaipeda not only survived but continued to grow stronger. During this period, the foundations were laid for a tradition that would later become one of most famous international bodybuilding events — the “Amber Prix” competition. In 1975, during a university student exchange program, Edmundas Daubaras spent two months in Prague (Czechoslovak Socialist Republic). There he met Vojtech Fiala, president of the Czechoslovak Bodybuilding Federation. Vojtech Fiala was delighted to meet a representative of Soviet bodybuilding after a ten-year break. Seeking to demonstrate good relations with the USSR, he introduced Edmundas Daubaras to officials of the Czechoslovak Ministry of Sports (ČSTV – Československý svaz tělesné výchovy). Edmundas Daubaras was surprised that, during the years when bodybuilding was banned in the USSR, Czechoslovak bodybuilders enjoyed official government support. In 1975, they participated for the first time in the IFBB European Championship held in the West. At that championship, Czech athlete Petr Stach not only won his category but also became the overall European champion. At the initiative of Vojtech Fiala, Edmundas Daubaras visited the town of Rodotín, where the renowned athlete Petr Stach lived. The European champion welcomed the distinguished guest by holding an exhibition training session, during which he demonstrated his excellent physical condition and impressive musculature. Among the participants of the “Amber Prix” tournaments were individuals who later became prominent Lithuanian public officials. Risardas Krinickis, who served for many years as one of the leaders of the State Control Committee under the Government of the Republic of Lithuania, made a significant contribution to organizing numerous international “Amber Prix” tournaments between 1995 and 2008. For his merits to the international bodybuilding movement, he was awarded the “International Honor Gold Medal” of the World WFF-WBBF Federation in 2008. Another participant was Kestutis Virketis, long-time Director of the Legal Department of the Parliament of the Republic of Lithuania. He also made an important contribution to organizing the 40th anniversary “Amber Prix” tournament. In 2024, he too was awarded the “International Honor Gold Medal” of the World WFF-WBBF Federation for his contribution to the international bodybuilding movement. More information is on international site www.wff.lt RE: FIGHTS AGAINST BODYBUILDING PROHIBITION - International Secretary - 05-28-2026 The Years of Bodybuilding Prohibition in Klaipeda. The Period Before the Public “Amber Prix” Tournament (Until 1976). The history of bodybuilding in Klaipeda differed little from developments in other Lithuanian cities or throughout the socialist countries. It was a period when an officially prohibited sport survived solely through the efforts of enthusiasts — in basements, bomb shelters, and illegal clubs. Today, this era is regarded as a unique testimony to its time and an important part of Lithuania’s sports history. In 1969, Edmundas Daubaras purchased his first barbell and, together with Algis Zivelis, began training at home. Soon, increasing numbers of local young people gathered at the Daubaras family apartment to exercise. As the constant flow of visitors became difficult for the family to accommodate, training sessions were moved first to the basement of an apartment building and later to the railway workers’ pioneer camp in Giruliai. One of the leading authorities of the time became Rimantas Budrys. Although conditions were extremely modest, the athletes remained dedicated. In 1970, after the withdrawal from active activity of Klaipeda bodybuilding leader Antanas Jonuskutis (1942–2003), the city’s athletes dispersed among various adapted and non-adapted training premises. Nevertheless, the bodybuilding movement did not stop. A major turning point came in 1971, when Klaipeda Seaport employee Vytautas Daubaras obtained premises for young athletes in a bomb shelter belonging to the port on Sportininku Street. There, the “Gintaras” (“Amber”) club was established, becoming the main bodybuilding center in Klaipeda during the harshest prohibition years. Around one hundred enthusiasts attended the club. Remarkably, the club’s traditions continue to this day — it is now known as “Amber Gym” and remains one of the organizers of the “Amber Prix” competition. In 1971, in Tallinn, then part of the Estonian SSR, Innar Mardo (1945-2002) launched the tournament that later became a traditional event known as the “Georg Tenno Memorial.” The overall winners of the first competition were Valdas Aliubavičius from Vilnius in the junior division (the 1968 overall junior winner of the “Amber Prize” tournament) and Vladimir Dubinin from Leningrad in the adult division. A few words about Georg Tenno. An officer in the Soviet Army, he was accused of espionage in 1948 and sentenced to imprisonment in the Gulag system. While incarcerated, he shared a prison cell with the future Nobel Prize laureate Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn. During his imprisonment, Georg Tenno attempted to escape five times. In his famous work “The Gulag Archipelago” (“Архипелаг ГУЛАГ”), Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn dedicated a chapter to him titled “The Convicted Escapee” (“Убежденный беглец”). In 1972, Edmundas Daubaras left to study philology at Vilnius State University but maintained close ties with Klaipeda athletes. He continued to lead the “Gintaras” club through his associates Algimantas Stalnionis and Algimantas Ratas. After the USSR and other socialist countries officially banned bodybuilding, activities moved underground. In 1973, Edmundas Daubaras organized illegal bodybuilding competitions in the basement of the old city prison, attended by the bravest Klaipeda athletes of the time. In the adult division, Mindaugas Liaugaudas won first place, while the youth category was won by Algimantas Ratas. That same year, Edmundas Daubaras gathered athletes from illegally operating clubs in Vilnius and organized strength dual competitions. Forty-six athletes from Vilnius, Klaipeda, and Siauliai participated. It was one of the first attempts to preserve a united Lithuanian bodybuilding community despite the prohibitions. In 1974, the “Amber Prix” tournament was held in the bomb shelter premises of the “Gintaras” club. Athletes from four underground Klaipeda clubs took part. The competition program consisted of three parts: strength exercises, mandatory posing routines, and freestyle performances. The junior divisions were won by Antanas Kazlauskas, Algimantas Ratas, and Sigitas Kisonas. In the youth divisions, the strongest competitors were Kestutis Virketis and Evaldas Sorius, while the adult categories were won by Sigitas Vilutis and Vytautas Zenkevicius. The absolute winners of their respective age groups were Antanas Kazlauskas, Evaldas Sorius, and Vytautas Zenkevicius. After a two-year break, Estonian organizer Inar Mardo (Innar Mardo, 1945–2002) managed to revive the “Georg Tenno Memorial” competition in 1974. He succeeded in convincing Estonian political authorities that bodybuilding was a national Estonian sport with deep traditions. The competition took place at the Tallinn Technical School. Athletes from the “Vilnius School of Bodybuilding” won all first places except in the tallest height category, where Estonian Olev Annus defeated the favored RSFSR representative Vladimir Dubinin. The overall champion became Pranas Murauskas. In 1975, the “Amber Prize” tournament was already being held in one of Klaipėda’s secondary schools. In addition to local athletes, competitors from Telšiai and Vilnius participated. The junior groups were won by Leonidas Rodionovas, Rimas Apulskis, and Antanas Dobrodzejus. In the youth categories, first places were claimed by Antanas Bašermanas, Algimantas Ruplys, and Aimontas Dolgichas. In the adult groups, the winners were Vytautas Zenkevičius, Olegas Serovas, and Rišardas Krinickis. The absolute winners were Rimas Apulskis, Algimantas Ruplys, and Rišardas Krinickis. Despite prohibitions, constant surveillance, and poor training conditions, bodybuilding in Klaipeda not only survived but continued to grow stronger. During this period, the foundations were laid for a tradition that would later become one of most famous international bodybuilding events — the “Amber Prix” competition. In 1975, during a university student exchange program, Edmundas Daubaras spent two months in Prague (Czechoslovak Socialist Republic). There he met Vojtech Fiala, president of the Czechoslovak Bodybuilding Federation. Vojtech Fiala was delighted to meet a representative of Soviet bodybuilding after a ten-year break. Seeking to demonstrate good relations with the USSR, he introduced Edmundas Daubaras to officials of the Czechoslovak Ministry of Sports (ČSTV – Československý svaz tělesné výchovy). Edmundas Daubaras was surprised that, during the years when bodybuilding was banned in the USSR, Czechoslovak bodybuilders enjoyed official government support. In 1975, they participated for the first time in the IFBB European Championship held in the West. At that championship, Czech athlete Petr Stach not only won his category but also became the overall European champion. At the initiative of Vojtech Fiala, Edmundas Daubaras visited the town of Rodotín, where the renowned athlete Petr Stach lived. The European champion welcomed the distinguished guest by holding an exhibition training session, during which he demonstrated his excellent physical condition and impressive musculature. Among the participants of the “Amber Prix” tournaments were individuals who later became prominent Lithuanian public officials. Risardas Krinickis, who served for many years as one of the leaders of the State Control Committee under the Government of the Republic of Lithuania, made a significant contribution to organizing numerous international “Amber Prix” tournaments between 1995 and 2008. For his merits to the international bodybuilding movement, he was awarded the “International Honor Gold Medal” of the World WFF-WBBF Federation in 2008. Another participant was Kestutis Virketis, long-time Director of the Legal Department of the Parliament of the Republic of Lithuania. He also made an important contribution to organizing the 40th anniversary “Amber Prix” tournament. In 2024, he too was awarded the “International Honor Gold Medal” of the World WFF-WBBF Federation for his contribution to the international bodybuilding movement. More information is on international site www.wff.lt RE: FIGHTS AGAINST BODYBUILDING PROHIBITION - Secretary_International - 06-06-2026 THE 1977 STRUGGLE AGAINST THE POLITICAL DECISIONS OF THE USSR AUTHORITIES. 1977: THE INTENSIFICATION OF BODYBUILDING PERSECUTION IN THE USSR In 1977, Edmundas Daubaras once again travelled to the Czechoslovak SSR for two months under a university exchange program. The sports activity program was similar to that of previous years and included meetings with the President of the Czechoslovak Bodybuilding Federation, Vojtech Fiala, as well as with the federation’s vice-president, Professor Frantisek Bulva. Seeking to demonstrate loyalty to their government, the Czechoslovak officials organized a meeting for Edmundas Daubaras, as a representative of Soviet bodybuilding, with the leadership of the Czechoslovak Ministry of Sports. At that time, the Czechoslovak Bodybuilding Federation already had its own office within the ministry, where the federation’s secretary, the well-known bodybuilder Peter Tlapak, was working. Vojtech Fiala also arranged Edmundas Daubaras’ visit to the national Olympic training center located in a mountain resort area. At that time, members of the national bodybuilding team were preparing there for the World Championships. Meetings and discussions took place with athletes and coaches. Later, Edmundas Daubaras visited the city of Brno, where Professor Frantisek Bulva organized two meetings of the Council of the Czechoslovak Bodybuilding Federation. Edmundas Daubaras attended these meetings as a guest and delivered a presentation on the situation of bodybuilding in the USSR. 1977: THE INTENSIFICATION OF BODYBUILDING PERSECUTION IN THE USSR In 1977, the persecution of bodybuilding in the USSR intensified even further. The USSR Ministry of Sports issued directives calling for stricter measures against bodybuilding, and the sports ministries of the Soviet republics repeated and actively enforced these orders. At the same time, a coordinated campaign against bodybuilding began in the Soviet press. Particularly aggressive criticism came from journalist Dmitry Ivanov of the newspaper Sovietsky Sport. As pressure mounted, nearly all prominent bodybuilding organizers throughout the USSR fell silent. Refusing to accept the situation and drawing inspiration from the examples he had witnessed in Czechoslovakia, Edmundas Daubaras began corresponding with the editorial office of Sovietsky Sport, the USSR Weightlifting Federation, and officials of the USSR Ministry of Sports. However, these efforts produced no positive results. At the end of 1977, Edmundas Daubaras, together with the best bodybuilders of the city, took part in the “Georg Tenno Memorial” held in Tallinn, the capital of Estonia. It was one of the most prestigious bodybuilding competitions in the USSR at the time. The most successful performance came from Patras Stanius, who won third place in the junior category. More information is on International Site www.wff.lt RE: FIGHTS AGAINST BODYBUILDING PROHIBITION - Secretary_International - 06-09-2026 1976–1977 “AMBER PRIX” TOURNAMENTS. THE FIRST PUBLIC BODYBUILDING COMPETITIONS IN THE USSR AFTER THE BAN. In 1976, Edmundas Daubaras organized the “Amber Prix” tournament together with the “Zemaitija Cup” in the city of Telsiai, Lithuania. The strength events were held in one of the city’s schools, while the physique presentation program took place at the Telsiai Culture Palace. These competitions became the first publicly held bodybuilding contest in the Soviet Union after bodybuilding had been officially banned. At that time, bodybuilding in the USSR was prohibited and actively persecuted by Soviet authorities. Nevertheless, Edmundas Daubaras succeeded in convincing the administration of the Culture Palace that the event violated no regulations. The competition was openly advertised to local residents, and the hall was filled with spectators. Organizing such an event involved considerable personal risk, but the tournament proceeded successfully and without consequences from the authorities. Athletes from Vilnius, Klaipeda, and Siauliai participated in the event. Winners of the 1976 Tournament Junior Group Winners • Rimas Apulskis • Stasys Stanius • Rimas Cesaitis Youth Group Winners • Antanas Basermanas • Aimontas Dolgichas • Evaldas Sorius Adult Group Winners • Valentinas Vandys • Risardas Krinickis Overall Champions • Rimas Apulskis • Evaldas Sorius • Rišardas Krinickis For comparison, an international bodybuilding event held in Kaunas the same year took place secretly in a factory cultural hall outside the city and without spectators. Another international bodybuilding competition organized in Kalinin (now Tver, RSFSR) was officially prohibited by authorities, yet athletes still staged the contest in a tiny local sports club as an act of protest. Only a small circle of supporters attended. In 1976, while training at the Vilnius “Viktorija” club, Edmundas Daubaras met lawyer Grigorij Leonov, who had just graduated from the Faculty of Law at Vilnius University and had been appointed as a people’s judge in Klaipėda. After Grigorij Leonov moved to Klaipeda, Edmundas Daubaras persuaded him to assume leadership of the city’s bodybuilding movement. The reasoning was practical: a judge’s position opened doors among city officials and made it easier to establish legal opportunities for athletes. While Edmundas Daubaras continued to manage organizational matters, Grigorij Leonov worked on creating legitimate legal foundations for bodybuilding activities in Klaipeda. In 1977, the “Klaipeda Bodybuilding Federation” was officially registered under the Klaipeda City Sports Committee. This was an unprecedented development in the entire Soviet Union. Although bodybuilding remained banned throughout the USSR, Klaipeda now had an officially functioning bodybuilding federation. It remained the only legally operating bodybuilding federation in the Soviet Union until 1987, when the USSR Bodybuilding Federation was established under the USSR Ministry of Sports. By legal means, all unofficial bodybuilding clubs in Klaipeda were closed, leaving only three clubs operating under the federation: • “Gintaras” — headed by Edmundas Daubaras • “Satrija” — headed by Sigitas Vilutis • “Alksnyne” — headed by Oleg Serov The public competitions in Telsiai caused a sensation throughout the Soviet bodybuilding community. Many were astonished that such an event could take place openly. The leader of bodybuilding in the Estonian SSR, Innar Mardo (1945–2002), sent a letter of support to Edmundas Daubaras and promoted the “Amber Prix” tournament in Czechoslovak sports publications. Encouraged by the success in Telsiai, Edmundas Daubaras, assisted by his father Vytautas Daubaras, organized the 1977 “Amber Prix” tournament at the Klaipeda Seaport Culture Palace. This event featured only physique presentation categories without strength exercises. Once again, the tournament was public, and local athletes personally spread information about the competition among supporters. The hall was filled with enthusiastic spectators. Athletes from Vilnius, Kaunas, and Klaipeda participated in the 1977 tournament, which further strengthened Lithuania’s role as the center of unofficial Soviet bodybuilding during the years of prohibition. 1977 “Amber Prix” Tournament In 1977, Edmundas Daubaras organized the public “Amber Prix” bodybuilding tournament at the Klaipeda Seaport Culture Palace. Athletes from Vilnius, Kaunas, and Klaipeda participated in the competition. The hall was full of spectators invited by the athletes and their supporters. These contests became one of the first public bodybuilding events in the Soviet Union after the sport had been officially banned. Junior Division First Height Category 1st place – Viaceslav Chleborodov (Vilnius) 2nd place – Edvardas Burba (Klaipėda) 3rd place – Rimas Apulskis (Klaipėda) Second Height Category 1st place – Boris Dolgov (Vilnius) 2nd place – Benas Uckus (Kaunas) 3rd place – Nikolajus Kuznecovas (Vilnius) Third Height Category 1st place – Stepan Nevera (Vilnius) 2nd place – Evaldas Sorius (Klaipėda) 3rd place – Edvardas Miseniovas (Kaunas) Adult Division First Height Category 1st place – Algimantas Kersulis (Vilnius) 2nd place – Vytautas Daubaras (Vilnius) 3rd place – Jonas Zurauskas (Kaunas) Second Height Category 1st place – Kestutis Petrosius (Vilnius) 2nd place – Risardas Krinickis (Vilnius) 3rd place – Stasys Maksimovas (Kaunas) Third Height Category 1st place – Stasys Cukanovas (Vilnius) 2nd place – Albertas Besakirskas (Kaunas) 3rd place – Vytautas Zenkevicius (Klaipėda) Overall Winners Junior Division – Borisas Dolgovas Adult Division – Stasys Cukanovas THE 1977 STRUGGLE AGAINST THE POLITICAL DECISIONS OF THE USSR AUTHORITIES. 1977: THE INTENSIFICATION OF BODYBUILDING PERSECUTION IN THE USSR In 1977, Edmundas Daubaras once again travelled to the Czechoslovak SSR for two months under a university exchange program. The sports activity program was similar to that of previous years and included meetings with the President of the Czechoslovak Bodybuilding Federation, Vojtech Fiala, as well as with the federation’s vice-president, Professor Frantisek Bulva. Seeking to demonstrate loyalty to their government, the Czechoslovak officials organized a meeting for Edmundas Daubaras, as a representative of Soviet bodybuilding, with the leadership of the Czechoslovak Ministry of Sports. At that time, the Czechoslovak Bodybuilding Federation already had its own office within the ministry, where the federation’s secretary, the well-known bodybuilder Peter Tlapak, was working. Vojtech Fiala also arranged Edmundas Daubaras’ visit to the national Olympic training center located in a mountain resort area. At that time, members of the national bodybuilding team were preparing there for the World Championships. Meetings and discussions took place with athletes and coaches. Later, Edmundas Daubaras visited the city of Brno, where Professor Frantisek Bulva organized two meetings of the Council of the Czechoslovak Bodybuilding Federation. Edmundas Daubaras attended these meetings as a guest and delivered a presentation on the situation of bodybuilding in the USSR. 1977: THE INTENSIFICATION OF BODYBUILDING PERSECUTION IN THE USSR In 1977, the persecution of bodybuilding in the USSR intensified even further. The USSR Ministry of Sports issued directives calling for stricter measures against bodybuilding, and the sports ministries of the Soviet republics repeated and actively enforced these orders. At the same time, a coordinated campaign against bodybuilding began in the Soviet press. Particularly aggressive criticism came from journalist Dmitry Ivanov of the newspaper Sovietsky Sport. As pressure mounted, nearly all prominent bodybuilding organizers throughout the USSR fell silent. Refusing to accept the situation and drawing inspiration from the examples he had witnessed in Czechoslovakia, Edmundas Daubaras began corresponding with the editorial office of Sovietsky Sport, the USSR Weightlifting Federation, and officials of the USSR Ministry of Sports. However, these efforts produced no positive results. At the end of 1977, Edmundas Daubaras, together with the best bodybuilders of the city, took part in the “Georg Tenno Memorial” held in Tallinn, the capital of Estonia. It was one of the most prestigious bodybuilding competitions in the USSR at the time. The most successful performance came from Patras Stanius, who won third place in the junior category. You can find more information on international site www.wff.lt RE: FIGHTS AGAINST BODYBUILDING PROHIBITION - Secretary_International - 06-12-2026 1976–1977 “AMBER PRIX” TOURNAMENTS. THE FIRST PUBLIC BODYBUILDING COMPETITIONS IN THE USSR AFTER THE BAN. In 1976, Edmundas Daubaras organized the “Amber Prix” tournament together with the “Zemaitija Cup” in the city of Telsiai, Lithuania. The strength events were held in one of the city’s schools, while the physique presentation program took place at the Telsiai Culture Palace. These competitions became the first publicly held bodybuilding contest in the Soviet Union after bodybuilding had been officially banned. At that time, bodybuilding in the USSR was prohibited and actively persecuted by Soviet authorities. Nevertheless, Edmundas Daubaras succeeded in convincing the administration of the Culture Palace that the event violated no regulations. The competition was openly advertised to local residents, and the hall was filled with spectators. Organizing such an event involved considerable personal risk, but the tournament proceeded successfully and without consequences from the authorities. Athletes from Vilnius, Klaipeda, and Siauliai participated in the event. Winners of the 1976 Tournament Junior Group Winners • Rimas Apulskis • Stasys Stanius • Rimas Cesaitis Youth Group Winners • Antanas Basermanas • Aimontas Dolgichas • Evaldas Sorius Adult Group Winners • Valentinas Vandys • Risardas Krinickis Overall Champions • Rimas Apulskis • Evaldas Sorius • Rišardas Krinickis For comparison, an international bodybuilding event held in Kaunas the same year took place secretly in a factory cultural hall outside the city and without spectators. Another international bodybuilding competition organized in Kalinin (now Tver, RSFSR) was officially prohibited by authorities, yet athletes still staged the contest in a tiny local sports club as an act of protest. Only a small circle of supporters attended. In 1976, while training at the Vilnius “Viktorija” club, Edmundas Daubaras met lawyer Grigorij Leonov, who had just graduated from the Faculty of Law at Vilnius University and had been appointed as a people’s judge in Klaipėda. After Grigorij Leonov moved to Klaipeda, Edmundas Daubaras persuaded him to assume leadership of the city’s bodybuilding movement. The reasoning was practical: a judge’s position opened doors among city officials and made it easier to establish legal opportunities for athletes. While Edmundas Daubaras continued to manage organizational matters, Grigorij Leonov worked on creating legitimate legal foundations for bodybuilding activities in Klaipeda. In 1977, the “Klaipeda Bodybuilding Federation” was officially registered under the Klaipeda City Sports Committee. This was an unprecedented development in the entire Soviet Union. Although bodybuilding remained banned throughout the USSR, Klaipeda now had an officially functioning bodybuilding federation. It remained the only legally operating bodybuilding federation in the Soviet Union until 1987, when the USSR Bodybuilding Federation was established under the USSR Ministry of Sports. By legal means, all unofficial bodybuilding clubs in Klaipeda were closed, leaving only three clubs operating under the federation: • “Gintaras” — headed by Edmundas Daubaras • “Satrija” — headed by Sigitas Vilutis • “Alksnyne” — headed by Oleg Serov The public competitions in Telsiai caused a sensation throughout the Soviet bodybuilding community. Many were astonished that such an event could take place openly. The leader of bodybuilding in the Estonian SSR, Innar Mardo (1945–2002), sent a letter of support to Edmundas Daubaras and promoted the “Amber Prix” tournament in Czechoslovak sports publications. Encouraged by the success in Telsiai, Edmundas Daubaras, assisted by his father Vytautas Daubaras, organized the 1977 “Amber Prix” tournament at the Klaipeda Seaport Culture Palace. This event featured only physique presentation categories without strength exercises. Once again, the tournament was public, and local athletes personally spread information about the competition among supporters. The hall was filled with enthusiastic spectators. Athletes from Vilnius, Kaunas, and Klaipeda participated in the 1977 tournament, which further strengthened Lithuania’s role as the center of unofficial Soviet bodybuilding during the years of prohibition. 1977 “Amber Prix” Tournament In 1977, Edmundas Daubaras organized the public “Amber Prix” bodybuilding tournament at the Klaipeda Seaport Culture Palace. Athletes from Vilnius, Kaunas, and Klaipeda participated in the competition. The hall was full of spectators invited by the athletes and their supporters. These contests became one of the first public bodybuilding events in the Soviet Union after the sport had been officially banned. Junior Division First Height Category 1st place – Viaceslav Chleborodov (Vilnius) 2nd place – Edvardas Burba (Klaipėda) 3rd place – Rimas Apulskis (Klaipėda) Second Height Category 1st place – Boris Dolgov (Vilnius) 2nd place – Benas Uckus (Kaunas) 3rd place – Nikolajus Kuznecovas (Vilnius) Third Height Category 1st place – Stepan Nevera (Vilnius) 2nd place – Evaldas Sorius (Klaipėda) 3rd place – Edvardas Miseniovas (Kaunas) Adult Division First Height Category 1st place – Algimantas Kersulis (Vilnius) 2nd place – Vytautas Daubaras (Vilnius) 3rd place – Jonas Zurauskas (Kaunas) Second Height Category 1st place – Kestutis Petrosius (Vilnius) 2nd place – Risardas Krinickis (Vilnius) 3rd place – Stasys Maksimovas (Kaunas) Third Height Category 1st place – Stasys Cukanovas (Vilnius) 2nd place – Albertas Besakirskas (Kaunas) 3rd place – Vytautas Zenkevicius (Klaipėda) Overall Winners Junior Division – Borisas Dolgovas Adult Division – Stasys Cukanovas THE 1977 STRUGGLE AGAINST THE POLITICAL DECISIONS OF THE USSR AUTHORITIES. 1977: THE INTENSIFICATION OF BODYBUILDING PERSECUTION IN THE USSR In 1977, Edmundas Daubaras once again travelled to the Czechoslovak SSR for two months under a university exchange program. The sports activity program was similar to that of previous years and included meetings with the President of the Czechoslovak Bodybuilding Federation, Vojtech Fiala, as well as with the federation’s vice-president, Professor Frantisek Bulva. Seeking to demonstrate loyalty to their government, the Czechoslovak officials organized a meeting for Edmundas Daubaras, as a representative of Soviet bodybuilding, with the leadership of the Czechoslovak Ministry of Sports. At that time, the Czechoslovak Bodybuilding Federation already had its own office within the ministry, where the federation’s secretary, the well-known bodybuilder Peter Tlapak, was working. Vojtech Fiala also arranged Edmundas Daubaras’ visit to the national Olympic training center located in a mountain resort area. At that time, members of the national bodybuilding team were preparing there for the World Championships. Meetings and discussions took place with athletes and coaches. Later, Edmundas Daubaras visited the city of Brno, where Professor Frantisek Bulva organized two meetings of the Council of the Czechoslovak Bodybuilding Federation. Edmundas Daubaras attended these meetings as a guest and delivered a presentation on the situation of bodybuilding in the USSR. 1977: THE INTENSIFICATION OF BODYBUILDING PERSECUTION IN THE USSR In 1977, the persecution of bodybuilding in the USSR intensified even further. The USSR Ministry of Sports issued directives calling for stricter measures against bodybuilding, and the sports ministries of the Soviet republics repeated and actively enforced these orders. At the same time, a coordinated campaign against bodybuilding began in the Soviet press. Particularly aggressive criticism came from journalist Dmitry Ivanov of the newspaper Sovietsky Sport. As pressure mounted, nearly all prominent bodybuilding organizers throughout the USSR fell silent. Refusing to accept the situation and drawing inspiration from the examples he had witnessed in Czechoslovakia, Edmundas Daubaras began corresponding with the editorial office of Sovietsky Sport, the USSR Weightlifting Federation, and officials of the USSR Ministry of Sports. However, these efforts produced no positive results. At the end of 1977, Edmundas Daubaras, together with the best bodybuilders of the city, took part in the “Georg Tenno Memorial” held in Tallinn, the capital of Estonia. It was one of the most prestigious bodybuilding competitions in the USSR at the time. The most successful performance came from Patras Stanius, who won third place in the junior category. You can find more information on international site www.wff.lt RE: FIGHTS AGAINST BODYBUILDING PROHIBITION - Secretary_International - 06-26-2026 1976–1977 “AMBER PRIX” TOURNAMENTS. THE FIRST PUBLIC BODYBUILDING COMPETITIONS IN THE USSR AFTER THE BAN. In 1976, Edmundas Daubaras organized the “Amber Prix” tournament together with the “Zemaitija Cup” in the city of Telsiai, Lithuania. The strength events were held in one of the city’s schools, while the physique presentation program took place at the Telsiai Culture Palace. These competitions became the first publicly held bodybuilding contest in the Soviet Union after bodybuilding had been officially banned. At that time, bodybuilding in the USSR was prohibited and actively persecuted by Soviet authorities. Nevertheless, Edmundas Daubaras succeeded in convincing the administration of the Culture Palace that the event violated no regulations. The competition was openly advertised to local residents, and the hall was filled with spectators. Organizing such an event involved considerable personal risk, but the tournament proceeded successfully and without consequences from the authorities. Athletes from Vilnius, Klaipeda, and Siauliai participated in the event. Winners of the 1976 Tournament Junior Group Winners • Rimas Apulskis • Stasys Stanius • Rimas Cesaitis Youth Group Winners • Antanas Basermanas • Aimontas Dolgichas • Evaldas Sorius Adult Group Winners • Valentinas Vandys • Risardas Krinickis Overall Champions • Rimas Apulskis • Evaldas Sorius • Rišardas Krinickis For comparison, an international bodybuilding event held in Kaunas the same year took place secretly in a factory cultural hall outside the city and without spectators. Another international bodybuilding competition organized in Kalinin (now Tver, RSFSR) was officially prohibited by authorities, yet athletes still staged the contest in a tiny local sports club as an act of protest. Only a small circle of supporters attended. In 1976, while training at the Vilnius “Viktorija” club, Edmundas Daubaras met lawyer Grigorij Leonov, who had just graduated from the Faculty of Law at Vilnius University and had been appointed as a people’s judge in Klaipėda. After Grigorij Leonov moved to Klaipeda, Edmundas Daubaras persuaded him to assume leadership of the city’s bodybuilding movement. The reasoning was practical: a judge’s position opened doors among city officials and made it easier to establish legal opportunities for athletes. While Edmundas Daubaras continued to manage organizational matters, Grigorij Leonov worked on creating legitimate legal foundations for bodybuilding activities in Klaipeda. In 1977, the “Klaipeda Bodybuilding Federation” was officially registered under the Klaipeda City Sports Committee. This was an unprecedented development in the entire Soviet Union. Although bodybuilding remained banned throughout the USSR, Klaipeda now had an officially functioning bodybuilding federation. It remained the only legally operating bodybuilding federation in the Soviet Union until 1987, when the USSR Bodybuilding Federation was established under the USSR Ministry of Sports. By legal means, all unofficial bodybuilding clubs in Klaipeda were closed, leaving only three clubs operating under the federation: • “Gintaras” — headed by Edmundas Daubaras • “Satrija” — headed by Sigitas Vilutis • “Alksnyne” — headed by Oleg Serov The public competitions in Telsiai caused a sensation throughout the Soviet bodybuilding community. Many were astonished that such an event could take place openly. The leader of bodybuilding in the Estonian SSR, Innar Mardo (1945–2002), sent a letter of support to Edmundas Daubaras and promoted the “Amber Prix” tournament in Czechoslovak sports publications. Encouraged by the success in Telsiai, Edmundas Daubaras, assisted by his father Vytautas Daubaras, organized the 1977 “Amber Prix” tournament at the Klaipeda Seaport Culture Palace. This event featured only physique presentation categories without strength exercises. Once again, the tournament was public, and local athletes personally spread information about the competition among supporters. The hall was filled with enthusiastic spectators. Athletes from Vilnius, Kaunas, and Klaipeda participated in the 1977 tournament, which further strengthened Lithuania’s role as the center of unofficial Soviet bodybuilding during the years of prohibition. 1977 “Amber Prix” Tournament In 1977, Edmundas Daubaras organized the public “Amber Prix” bodybuilding tournament at the Klaipeda Seaport Culture Palace. Athletes from Vilnius, Kaunas, and Klaipeda participated in the competition. The hall was full of spectators invited by the athletes and their supporters. These contests became one of the first public bodybuilding events in the Soviet Union after the sport had been officially banned. Junior Division First Height Category 1st place – Viaceslav Chleborodov (Vilnius) 2nd place – Edvardas Burba (Klaipėda) 3rd place – Rimas Apulskis (Klaipėda) Second Height Category 1st place – Boris Dolgov (Vilnius) 2nd place – Benas Uckus (Kaunas) 3rd place – Nikolajus Kuznecovas (Vilnius) Third Height Category 1st place – Stepan Nevera (Vilnius) 2nd place – Evaldas Sorius (Klaipėda) 3rd place – Edvardas Miseniovas (Kaunas) Adult Division First Height Category 1st place – Algimantas Kersulis (Vilnius) 2nd place – Vytautas Daubaras (Vilnius) 3rd place – Jonas Zurauskas (Kaunas) Second Height Category 1st place – Kestutis Petrosius (Vilnius) 2nd place – Risardas Krinickis (Vilnius) 3rd place – Stasys Maksimovas (Kaunas) Third Height Category 1st place – Stasys Cukanovas (Vilnius) 2nd place – Albertas Besakirskas (Kaunas) 3rd place – Vytautas Zenkevicius (Klaipėda) Overall Winners Junior Division – Borisas Dolgovas Adult Division – Stasys Cukanovas THE 1977 STRUGGLE AGAINST THE POLITICAL DECISIONS OF THE USSR AUTHORITIES. 1977: THE INTENSIFICATION OF BODYBUILDING PERSECUTION IN THE USSR In 1977, Edmundas Daubaras once again travelled to the Czechoslovak SSR for two months under a university exchange program. The sports activity program was similar to that of previous years and included meetings with the President of the Czechoslovak Bodybuilding Federation, Vojtech Fiala, as well as with the federation’s vice-president, Professor Frantisek Bulva. Seeking to demonstrate loyalty to their government, the Czechoslovak officials organized a meeting for Edmundas Daubaras, as a representative of Soviet bodybuilding, with the leadership of the Czechoslovak Ministry of Sports. At that time, the Czechoslovak Bodybuilding Federation already had its own office within the ministry, where the federation’s secretary, the well-known bodybuilder Peter Tlapak, was working. Vojtech Fiala also arranged Edmundas Daubaras’ visit to the national Olympic training center located in a mountain resort area. At that time, members of the national bodybuilding team were preparing there for the World Championships. Meetings and discussions took place with athletes and coaches. Later, Edmundas Daubaras visited the city of Brno, where Professor Frantisek Bulva organized two meetings of the Council of the Czechoslovak Bodybuilding Federation. Edmundas Daubaras attended these meetings as a guest and delivered a presentation on the situation of bodybuilding in the USSR. 1977: THE INTENSIFICATION OF BODYBUILDING PERSECUTION IN THE USSR In 1977, the persecution of bodybuilding in the USSR intensified even further. The USSR Ministry of Sports issued directives calling for stricter measures against bodybuilding, and the sports ministries of the Soviet republics repeated and actively enforced these orders. At the same time, a coordinated campaign against bodybuilding began in the Soviet press. Particularly aggressive criticism came from journalist Dmitry Ivanov of the newspaper Sovietsky Sport. As pressure mounted, nearly all prominent bodybuilding organizers throughout the USSR fell silent. Refusing to accept the situation and drawing inspiration from the examples he had witnessed in Czechoslovakia, Edmundas Daubaras began corresponding with the editorial office of Sovietsky Sport, the USSR Weightlifting Federation, and officials of the USSR Ministry of Sports. However, these efforts produced no positive results. At the end of 1977, Edmundas Daubaras, together with the best bodybuilders of the city, took part in the “Georg Tenno Memorial” held in Tallinn, the capital of Estonia. It was one of the most prestigious bodybuilding competitions in the USSR at the time. The most successful performance came from Patras Stanius, who won third place in the junior category. You can find more information on international site www.wff.lt RE: FIGHTS AGAINST BODYBUILDING PROHIBITION - Secretary_International - 07-03-2026 The Historic "Amber Prix" Tournament A Book Dedicated to the 60th Anniversary of the "Amber Prix" In 2027, Klaipėda will celebrate the 60th anniversary of the “Amber Prix”, one of the world's oldest continuously held international bodybuilding and fitness tournaments. Preparations for this important milestone began as early as 2025. Initially, the idea was to commission exclusive commemorative medals for sports veterans and the individuals whose dedication helped shape the tournament's history. However, following suggestions from members of the sports community, historians, and various institutions, a far more meaningful initiative emerged—the publication of a historical book. This decision soon proved to be well justified. Over the past six decades, the “Amber Prix” has become much more than a sporting event. Its history reflects not only athletic achievements but also political developments, economic changes, and cultural exchanges. Few traditional sporting competitions anywhere in the world can claim such a rich and multifaceted legacy. Work on the project quickly gathered momentum. The manuscripts have already been completed in Lithuanian, English, and Russian. The current stage involves verifying historical facts, selecting archival photographs, and completing the final editorial revisions. As the writing progressed, it became clear that simply recounting the history of the “Amber Prix” would not be enough. The tournament's true significance cannot be understood without placing it within the broader historical development of bodybuilding itself. For this reason, the book also provides a concise overview of the international evolution of bodybuilding and fitness, tracing their origins and highlighting the most important stages in their development. To date, no comprehensive history of bodybuilding has been published anywhere in the world. Many legendary athletes—including Arnold Schwarzenegger, Serge Nubret, Vladimir Dubinin, and others—have written autobiographical books that focus primarily on their own careers, touching only briefly on the broader history of the sport. Likewise, the historical publication on Lithuanian bodybuilding offers only a limited perspective, concentrating mainly on the activities of one international federation and the history of a single Lithuanian city. This book therefore seeks to fill at least part of that historical gap. Although its primary focus is the “Amber Prix” tournament, it also preserves significant events, personalities, and milestones from the history of bodybuilding in Lithuania and around the world. It is not intended to be the definitive history of the sport; rather, we hope it will provide a solid foundation for future researchers and authors who will continue exploring this remarkable story in greater depth. Conclusions History survives only as long as it is remembered and passed on to future generations. If the most important facts are not documented today, they may be lost forever tomorrow. The history of the “Amber Prix” is far more than the chronicle of a single tournament. It is a testament to the development of Lithuanian bodybuilding, international sporting cooperation, and the dedication of several generations of athletes, organizers, and enthusiasts. This book is our tribute to all those who created the “Amber Prix” and helped make Lithuania known throughout the international bodybuilding community. We hope it will not only preserve the past but also inspire future generations to continue this legacy, appreciate the history of their sport, and take pride in its achievements. More information is on international site www.wff.lt RE: FIGHTS AGAINST BODYBUILDING PROHIBITION - Secretary_International - 07-05-2026 WORLD BODYBUILDING ENCYCLOPEDIA A UNIQUE EVENT IN THE HISTORY OF WORLD SPORT – OFFICIAL VISIT TO THE VATICAN While preparing the World Bodybuilding Encyclopedia, it is essential to highlight an exceptional event in the history of world sport – the Official Visit of the President of the W.F.F.–W.B.B.F. International Federation, Dr. Edmundas Daubaras, to the Vatican. The Beginning of the Visit to the Vatican While developing international sports relations, in early April 2011 the President of the W.F.F.–W.B.B.F. International Federation, Dr. Edmundas Daubaras, visited Poland, Germany, France, Monaco, Italy, and Slovakia. During his stay in Monaco, he received a telephone call from Italy informing him that an official visit to the Vatican had been arranged. Shortly thereafter, he departed for Italy. Before the official visit, a meeting was organized with a representative of the Vatican in Italy, during which the forthcoming program and scheduled meetings were discussed. The Vatican Recognized the Struggle for Bodybuilding Recognition The Vatican is not only the center of the Roman Catholic Church but also the sovereign State of Vatican City. In 2011, an official meeting was organized in the Vatican to present the worldwide activities of the W.F.F.–W.B.B.F. International Federation. During the meeting, His Eminence Cardinal Jozef Tomko listened with great interest to the history of bodybuilding development and the struggle for recognition of the sport during the period when bodybuilding was prohibited in many countries of the Socialist Bloc. Appreciating these long-standing efforts and activities, Cardinal Jozef Tomko referred to the leaders of the W.F.F.–W.B.B.F. as “dissidents of the Communist regime.” Particularly impressive was the Vatican State’s positive evaluation of the federation’s efforts to promote physical activity, health, fitness, and bodybuilding throughout the world. In recognition of their contribution to the development of the international sports movement, His Eminence Cardinal Jozef Tomko presented the original Vatican Pontifical Medals, Medaglia Ufficiale di Pontificato di Sua Santità Benedetto XVI, to: • Dr. Edmundas Daubaras – President of the W.F.F.–W.B.B.F. International Federation; • Stefan Hrčka (Slovakia) – Honorary Official of the W.F.F.–W.B.B.F. International Federation. The awards were presented on March 29, 2011, at the Headquarters of the Vatican City State. Acquaintance with the Historical Treasures of the Vatican During the official visit, Father Paolo, a representative of the Vatican Administration, introduced the W.F.F.–W.B.B.F. delegation to the Vatican administrative headquarters, the historic archives, and the repositories housing personal belongings of various Pontiffs that possess exceptional historical value. On the following morning, at St. Peter’s Basilica, Dr. Edmundas Daubaras was invited to participate in a unique personal Holy Mass. This event became a significant historical milestone in the development of the international bodybuilding movement and an important symbol of international recognition for the activities of the W.F.F.–W.B.B.F. Federation. Historical Significance The official visit of Dr. Edmundas Daubaras, President of the W.F.F.–W.B.B.F. International Federation, to the Vatican in 2011 became an outstanding event not only in the history of the federation but also in the broader history of international bodybuilding. During this visit, representatives of the Vatican State officially became acquainted with the activities, history, and efforts of the W.F.F.–W.B.B.F. to promote physical activity, fitness, and bodybuilding throughout the world. Particularly significant was the high appreciation expressed by Vatican officials for the federation’s work and for the contribution of its leaders in defending the right of bodybuilding to exist and develop during periods of political restriction in Eastern and Central Europe. Cardinal Jozef Tomko’s characterization of the federation’s activists as “dissidents of the Communist regime” represented a notable moral recognition of their efforts. The presentation of Vatican Pontifical Medals to Dr. Edmundas Daubaras and Stefan Hrčka testified to the international recognition of the W.F.F.–W.B.B.F. Federation and its contribution to the promotion of healthy living and physical culture worldwide. This visit remains one of the most important events in the history of the W.F.F.–W.B.B.F. Federation and is regarded as a significant example of international recognition of the global bodybuilding movement in the early twenty-first century. Among the documented events in the history of modern bodybuilding, this visit stands as one of the rare occasions on which the head of an international bodybuilding organization was officially received at the Vatican and honored with Vatican Pontifical Medals. As such, it occupies a distinctive place in the historical development of international bodybuilding and fitness organizations. You can get more information on international site www.wff.lt RE: FIGHTS AGAINST BODYBUILDING PROHIBITION - Secretary_International - 07-13-2026 The 1978 "Amber Prix" Tournament – A Part of World Sports History Forgotten Truths The 1978 Amber Prix International ("Amber Prix", "Янтарный приз"), held in Klaipėda, occupies a unique place not only in the history of Lithuanian bodybuilding but also in the history of bodybuilding throughout the Eastern Bloc. The event took place at a time when bodybuilding had been officially banned in the U.S.S.R. since 1973, and both athletes and organizers were subjected to continuous administrative pressure. Despite these restrictions, the tournament's organizer, Dr. Edmundas Daubaras, chose not to accept the ban but to challenge it through active initiatives. In 1977, when Soviet authorities intensified measures against bodybuilding, most organizers throughout the U.S.S.R. withdrew from any public efforts to defend the sport. Dr. Daubaras remained one of the very few who openly continued this struggle. The 1977 Amber Prix tournament became a rehearsal for an even more ambitious undertaking. Although the competition lacked official governmental approval, the event in Klaipėda attracted a full audience, demonstrating that bodybuilding had retained strong public support despite the official prohibition. Preparing for the 1978 tournament, Dr. Daubaras drafted a petition defending bodybuilding and personally delivered it in Moscow to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, the Supreme Soviet of the U.S.S.R., the Council of Ministers of the U.S.S.R., and the editorial offices of the national newspapers Pravda and Izvestia. The purpose of the petition was to defend bodybuilding and to create conditions under which competitions could once again be organized. Following these efforts, the 1978 Amber Prix tournament was held in Klaipėda. Dr. Daubaras went even further by presenting the event under the symbolism of the U.S.S.R. Bodybuilding Championships. Such a decision involved considerable risk, since no official bodybuilding championships were being organized in the Soviet Union at that time. A Unique Competition Stage An analysis of photographs from bodybuilding competitions held throughout the Soviet Union between 1965 and 1978 shows that the stage design of the 1978 Amber Prix was unmatched in both scale and artistic execution. At the center of the stage stood a monumental decoration depicting three-time Mr. Olympia Frank Zane against the outline of the map of the Soviet Union, accompanied by the inscription "U.S.S.R. Championship." Along both sides of the stage stood the flags of all fifteen Soviet republics. The medals, diplomas, and trophies also bore the inscription "U.S.S.R. Championship." No previous bodybuilding competition in the Soviet Union had displayed such symbolism or such an ambitious stage presentation. Organized Without Government Support The tournament received neither government funding nor commercial sponsorship. The entire organizational effort rested on Dr. Edmundas Daubaras, members of his family, and athletes from his sports club. Visiting competitors were accommodated at the Railway Workers' Pioneer Camp in Giruliai before the beginning of the summer season. The enormous stage backdrop was sewn by Dr. Daubaras' mother-in-law, while Belarusian artist Oleg Isaev created its artistic design according to Dr. Daubaras' concept. The trophies were secretly manufactured after working hours by Klaipėda bodybuilder Oleg Serov, while the medals and diplomas were produced by employees of the Klaipėda Art Combine. Most organizational expenses were paid personally by Dr. Daubaras. International Recognition In 2011, during an official reception at the Vatican, Dr. Edmundas Daubaras, President of the World W.F.F.–W.B.B.F. Federation, presented the federation's activities to representatives of the Holy See. During his meeting with Cardinal Jozef Tomko, the discussion focused on the history of bodybuilding under Soviet rule. Dr. Daubaras' efforts to defend the banned sport were recognized as a significant example of civic resistance to the restrictions imposed by the communist regime. In recognition of his contribution to the development of health promotion and professional sport, Dr. Daubaras was awarded the Official Medal of the Pontificate of Pope Benedict XVI. Conclusions The 1978 Amber Prix tournament represented far more than a sporting competition. It became a public demonstration that the bodybuilding movement in the Soviet Union had survived despite its official prohibition. The event proved that, even under conditions of centralized political control, it was possible to organize an international-level competition based on personal initiative, voluntary work, and the solidarity of the bodybuilding community. From a historical perspective, the tournament marks one of the earliest successful public attempts to restore bodybuilding to organized sporting life in the Soviet Union. Its organizational scale, symbolic significance, and international character justify recognizing the 1978 Amber Prix as an important event in the history of world bodybuilding. Further research based on archival documents, contemporary press sources, and international comparative studies may provide an even more comprehensive assessment of the tournament's place in twentieth-century sports history. More information is on international site www.wff.lt RE: FIGHTS AGAINST BODYBUILDING PROHIBITION - Secretary_International - 07-19-2026 WHO IN THE U.S.S.R. THOUGHT AND ACTED ON AN INTERNATIONAL LEVEL? The Role of Personality in Bodybuilding and Life Human personality is shaped by many factors. One of the most important is the perspective from which a person evaluates events and the scale at which he or she perceives them. When discussing bodybuilding, an athlete, a coach, a sports club manager, and an organizer all view and evaluate the same phenomena differently. Even sports historians, working with the same documents and sources, often arrive at different conclusions. When assessing the development of bodybuilding, it is important to distinguish between local-level and international-level figures. An international-level specialist must be able to rise above the realities of his era, view processes from a broader perspective, and see the larger picture. Otherwise, it becomes impossible to understand the true causes of events and their consequences. During the formative years of bodybuilding and throughout the period when the sport was prohibited in the U.S.S.R., there were very few individuals capable of broad strategic thinking. There were also very few organizers. The bodybuilders who participated in international events in the Baltic States generally remained focused on the interests of their own cities, clubs, or regions. Among them were Yevgeny Koltun of Tyumen in the Russian S.F.S.R., Kaliningrad coach Yuri Smolyakov, U.S.S.R. champion Alexander Lemechov from Severodvinsk, and Leningrad bodybuilder Vladimir Dubinin. In the Latvian S.S.R., a similar role was played by Feliks Sajkovskis, while in the Lithuanian S.S.R. there were essentially no internationally minded bodybuilding leaders at that time. Apart from those mentioned above, almost no active bodybuilding organizers emerged during the years when the sport was prohibited in the Soviet Union. One exception may be considered Romanas Kalinauskas, General Secretary of the U.S.S.R. Bodybuilding Federation. However, his activities were primarily oriented toward administrative control and state institutions. In seeking to manage processes, he frequently relied on intrigue, conflict, and the pursuit of personal ambitions. Since he spoke no foreign languages, he remained isolated from international bodybuilding developments and was unable to fully comprehend global trends within the sport. Another exception was Innar Mardo (1946–2002) of the Estonian S.S.R. Nevertheless, his activities were largely confined to Estonia, and he did not seek to influence bodybuilding throughout the entire Soviet Union. The regularly organized international “Georg Tenno Memorial” competitions in Tallinn elevated Innar Mardo above many other Soviet organizers, as there were very few comparable events elsewhere in the U.S.S.R. A third organizer who can be regarded as operating on an international level was Dr. Edmundas Daubaras. During the years when bodybuilding was banned—1974, 1975, 1976, and 1977—he organized the internationally recognized “Amber Prix” competitions in Klaipėda despite the disapproval of the communist authorities. After years of correspondence with the U.S.S.R. Ministry of Sport, defending the right of bodybuilding to exist, he received only negative responses. Consequently, risking both his own future and that of his family, he prepared a petition in defense of bodybuilding and personally delivered it to Moscow. The petition was submitted to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the U.S.S.R., the Supreme Soviet of the U.S.S.R., the Council of Ministers of the U.S.S.R., and the editorial offices of the central newspapers Pravda and Izvestia. The documents were officially registered by these institutions. Some time later, the political authorities permitted the continuation of the Amber Prix competitions in Klaipėda. Leaders are rarely satisfied with stability. They are distinguished by courage, responsibility, and a willingness to assume risks. They focus on achieving results and seldom consider the possibility of failure. Most people, by contrast, choose the safer role of observers. This raises an important question: who were the true leaders of Soviet bodybuilding? Dr. Edmundas Daubaras followed a path similar to that of his long-time international associates—IFBB President Ben Weider, NABBA President Oscar Heidenstam, WABBA President Serge Nubret, and FIHC General Secretary Oscar State. All of them based their activities not on administrative control but on the development of sport, the search for new opportunities, and international cooperation. The inability to speak foreign languages also limited Innar Mardo’s opportunities. However, Dr. Edmundas Daubaras consistently assisted him in overcoming this barrier. Romanas Kalinauskas, meanwhile, directed all of his efforts toward the Soviet Ministry of Sport and the U.S.S.R. Weightlifting Federation. Yet during the years when bodybuilding was prohibited, little meaningful support could be expected from these institutions. While studying English and German Philology at Vilnius State University, Edmundas Daubaras attempted to unite sports clubs throughout Vilnius for common purposes. At the time, no one else undertook such an initiative. It is easy to speak after obstacles have been overcome and development proceeds naturally. However, during the years when bodybuilding faced prohibition and when personal futures were at stake, almost nobody dared openly defend the sport. Only one person assumed that responsibility—Dr. Edmundas Daubaras. Throughout more than five decades of organizational activity, many individuals sought to become his deputies, successors, or imitators. Yet none achieved comparable results. Dr. Daubaras’ active and often turbulent work was not welcomed by everyone. Seeking to avoid constant conflicts, he enrolled at Vilnius University for a second time in 1979, having already earned a degree in Germanic Philology, and began studying law. At approximately the same time, Innar Mardo also faced serious difficulties. Following conflicts and leadership changes within the Estonian bodybuilding federation in 1979, he lost his previous position. Later attempts to return were unsuccessful. According to his letters to Edmundas Daubaras, these events had lasting consequences for his future activities. Klaipėda has always been distinguished by its independent spirit and unique outlook. During the Lithuanian S.S.R., throughout the Soviet Union, and now internationally, the city has often functioned as an independent cultural and social center. The bodybuilding movement in Klaipėda reflected this same spirit. Dr. Edmundas Daubaras’ leadership eventually led him to the presidency of the international WFF–WBBF organization. Today, the federation unites national organizations from more than 140 countries around the world. In addition, he participates in the activities of various international organizations, including those cooperating with the United Nations and UNESCO. As a result of his active international work, Dr. Edmundas Daubaras has met numerous world-renowned politicians, public figures, and representatives of religious organizations. In 2010, in Portugal, during a convention of the International Order of Knights Templar, he was awarded the St. Nicholas the Wonderworker Medal for promoting ideas aimed at dialogue and cooperation among the world’s religions. In 2011, an official reception for the President of the WFF–WBBF Federation took place in the Vatican. During the meeting, the federation’s activities and the history of bodybuilding in the Soviet Union were presented to Vatican officials. Cardinal Jozef Tomko, Prefect of the Vatican Congregation, characterized the efforts to defend bodybuilding during the Soviet era as dissident activity directed against the communist regime. In recognition of his contributions to health promotion and the development of professional sport, Dr. Edmundas Daubaras was awarded the Vatican Pontifical Medal. In subsequent years, he met with parliamentary leaders, prime ministers, ministers, and other senior state officials from various countries across Europe and Asia. In 2015, during the opening ceremony of an international tournament, Lithuanian Government representative Antanas Vinkus referred to Dr. Edmundas Daubaras as “Lithuania’s Ambassador to the World.” In 2023, following nominations by organizations cooperating within UNESCO structures, Dr. Edmundas Daubaras was awarded the title of “Ambassador of Peace” and received a commemorative distinction. In 2024, representatives of Estonian public organizations presented him with the U.R.K. Silver Cross Order at the Parliament of the Republic of Lithuania in recognition of his active public service. Conclusions An analysis of the history of bodybuilding in the U.S.S.R. suggests that only a small number of individuals were capable of thinking and acting on an international level. Most remained focused on the concerns of local clubs, cities, or republics, whereas international activity required broader vision, foreign-language skills, the establishment of international contacts, and a willingness to accept personal risk. During the years when bodybuilding was prohibited, the role of the individual became decisive. When institutions either failed to support the sport or actively opposed its development, responsibility fell upon a handful of determined leaders. Among them, Innar Mardo in Estonia and Dr. Edmundas Daubaras in Lithuania occupied particularly prominent positions. Dr. Edmundas Daubaras distinguished himself not only through organizational ability but also through a long-term strategic vision. His work extended far beyond the organization of sporting events; it encompassed the defense of bodybuilding at political, social, and international levels. History demonstrates that the development of sport is most often driven not by institutions but by determined individuals. Their initiative, responsibility, and ability to act under difficult circumstances become the principal forces of progress. Therefore, when discussing the history of bodybuilding in the U.S.S.R., the role of personality remains one of the most important factors that enabled the sport to survive, develop, and ultimately become an international phenomenon. More information is on international site www.wff.lt RE: FIGHTS AGAINST BODYBUILDING PROHIBITION - Secretary_International - 07-19-2026 The Role of Czechoslovakia in World Bodybuilding and Its Influence on Soviet Bodybuilding Czechoslovakia – the Socialist World's Gateway to the West The history of international bodybuilding has largely been written from the perspective of the major organizations, primarily IFBB and NABBA. As a result, many significant historical events have either been overlooked or interpreted from a single point of view. This article does not claim to present the ultimate historical truth; rather, it seeks to draw attention to facts that have long been ignored or insufficiently recognized. It has often been noted that the IFBB presents its history as one of independent organizational development, while paying little attention to the fact that its acceptance into the official international sports community was closely connected with the work of American sports promoter Bob Hoffman. Many organizational principles, international contacts, and competition models were inherited from already existing structures. NABBA's historical narrative raises similar questions. The association traces its origins to the 1948 "Mr. Universe" contest held in London under the auspices of the FIHC, although NABBA itself did not yet exist at that time. Even more controversial is the continued use of the image of John Grimek—the second overall FIHC Mr. Universe champion—within NABBA's symbolism. Grimek was an AAU athlete and a protégé of Bob Hoffman, yet there is no evidence that he ever competed in a NABBA event. Such examples illustrate that the history of international bodybuilding still contains numerous issues deserving further scholarly examination. The year 2027 will mark the 80th anniversary of the official recognition of bodybuilding as a sport. It will also commemorate the 60th anniversary of the "Amber Prix" (Gintarinis prizas), one of the oldest continuously organized bodybuilding tournaments in the world. These anniversaries provide an appropriate opportunity to re-examine bodybuilding history from the perspective not only of Western countries but also of Eastern Europe. The Unique Position of Czechoslovakia Between 1973 and 1987, bodybuilding was officially banned or severely restricted throughout most of the Soviet Union and many other socialist countries. Czechoslovakia, however, occupied a unique position. Following the events of the Prague Spring in 1968, the Soviet leadership sought to avoid provoking additional political tensions within Czechoslovakia. Taking advantage of this situation, Czechoslovak sports officials successfully presented bodybuilding as a system of strength training, physical conditioning, and health promotion. This strategy enabled them to preserve their national bodybuilding federation and maintain contacts with the international bodybuilding community. This opportunity proved exceptional within the socialist bloc. While athletes from other socialist countries remained largely isolated from the West, Czechoslovak bodybuilders were able to compete internationally, establish relations with the IFBB and other organizations, and maintain regular communication with foreign sports officials. From today's historical perspective, the greatest achievement was not individual titles or medals but the successful breaking of political isolation. The Historic Breakthrough of 1975 One of the most significant milestones in bodybuilding during the 1970s was the work of Vojtěch Fiala, President of the Czechoslovak National Bodybuilding Federation. Through his personal international contacts, Fiala secured Czechoslovakia's participation in the 1975 IFBB European Championships held in Western Europe. At these championships, Petr Stach won the Overall European Championship title. This victory represented far more than a sporting success. For the first time, a bodybuilder from a socialist country demonstrated that Eastern European athletes could successfully compete against the strongest competitors from the West. Even more importantly, participation itself established a precedent for the entire socialist bloc. History often remembers those who achieve breakthroughs first, and for this reason the contributions of Vojtěch Fiala and Petr Stach occupy a unique place in international bodybuilding history. Czechoslovakia's Assistance to Soviet Bodybuilding Czechoslovak sports leaders understood that national achievements alone were not enough. They also sought to support bodybuilders from other socialist countries. At the initiative of Vojtech Fiala and Professor František Bulva, several meetings were organized in Prague between Edmundas Daubaras and officials of the Czechoslovak Sports Ministry (ČSTV). Their objective was to obtain official government approval for sporting cooperation between Czechoslovakia and the Soviet Union. During 1978–1979, an ambitious project was developed to organize two joint bodybuilding competitions. One would be held during the Czechoslovak National Championships, while the second would take place in Klaipėda during the traditional “Amber Prix” tournament. The Czechoslovak Ministry of Sports approved the project, and Edmundas Daubaras received official invitations for the leading Soviet bodybuilders. The planned Soviet delegation included: • Head of Delegation – Edmundas Daubaras and Estonian Innar Mardo (1945-2002); • National Team Coach and Director of the Vilnius School of Bodybuilding – Ceslav Tamulevic; • Olev Annus (Estonia); • Jevgenij Gorelik (Lithuania); • Vladas Kapcevičius (Lithuania); • Jevgenij Zhurcev (Lithuania); • Albertas Besakirskas (Lithuania). Had the project been realized, it would have become the first officially organized appearance of Soviet bodybuilders in an international sporting environment while bodybuilding remained prohibited within the USSR. A Lost Opportunity The project was never implemented. In the author's assessment, internal conflicts within the Soviet bodybuilding community played the decisive role in its collapse. Personal rivalries of Romanas Kalinauskas ultimately destroyed a cooperative initiative that had required several years of preparation and could have fundamentally altered the development of Soviet bodybuilding. Nevertheless, the work invested was not wasted. When Edmundas Daubaras later prepared his petition to the highest political authorities in Moscow requesting the legalization of bodybuilding, he drew upon the organizational experience, official documentation, and international contacts established through cooperation with Czechoslovakia. These materials strengthened the argument that bodybuilding could function as a legitimate sport within the Soviet system. Although bodybuilding officially remained banned, Soviet authorities eventually permitted Daubaras to organize the “Amber Prix” tournament publicly in Klaipėda. In later years, the USSR Ministry of Sport officially recognized this tournament as the unofficial Soviet Bodybuilding Championship. Thus, the groundwork laid in Czechoslovakia indirectly contributed to the gradual restoration of bodybuilding throughout the Soviet Union. Historical Recognition In 2011, the Vatican recognized Edmundas Daubaras for his activities during the years when bodybuilding was prohibited. He was acknowledged as a dissident in relation to the communist regime and was awarded the Medal of Pope Benedict XVI. This recognition demonstrates that the history of bodybuilding cannot be understood solely through sporting achievements. In many socialist countries, the preservation and promotion of bodybuilding became a form of civic resistance and a defense of the right to free athletic and social activity. Conclusions From the perspective of twentieth-century sports history, Czechoslovakia played a far greater role in the development of international bodybuilding than has generally been acknowledged. It was the first socialist country to establish practical sporting links across the Iron Curtain and maintain regular relations with Western bodybuilding organizations. The organizational efforts of Vojtěch Fiala and Petr Stach's victory at the 1975 IFBB European Championships marked an historic turning point, demonstrating that political barriers could be overcome. Equally significant was Czechoslovakia's willingness to assist Soviet bodybuilders. The cooperation initiated by Vojtech Fiala and Professor František Bulva and Edmundas Daubaras represented the first serious attempt to establish official sporting relations between Soviet bodybuilding and the Western bodybuilding community while political restrictions were still in force. Although the joint project was ultimately never realized, its organizational legacy became an important foundation for the subsequent campaign to legalize bodybuilding within the Soviet Union. In this sense, Czechoslovakia's contribution to the development of Soviet bodybuilding was neither accidental nor symbolic—it was strategic. Ultimately, history is shaped not only by championship titles or outstanding physiques but also by individuals whose decisions transform the course of sport itself. Viewed from this perspective, Vojtěch Fiala, František Bulva, and Edmundas Daubaras occupy an important place in the history of European and world bodybuilding. Their cooperation created a bridge between two opposing political systems at a time when such collaboration seemed almost impossible.